Spanish Numbers Counting to a Million and Beyond

Spanish numbers can be confusing for persons new to the language. Numbers made up of more than one part are often formed differently than they are in English, and some Spanish numbers change according to the gender of the nouns they apply to. List of Spanish Numbers Following are the basic Spanish numbers and patterns in which they are formed. Those in bold italics are forms that change according to gender, while the non-italic forms are fixed. 1. uno2. dos3. tres4. cuatro5. cinco6. seis7. siete8. ocho9. nueve10. diez11. once12. doce13. trece14. catorce15. quince16. diecisà ©is17. diecisiete18. dieciocho19. diecinueve20. veinte21. veintiuno22. veintidà ³s23. veintitrà ©s24. veinticuatro25. veinticinco26. veintisà ©is27. veintisiete28. veintiocho29. veintinueve30. treinta31. treinta y uno32. treinta y dos33. treinta y tres40. cuarenta41. cuarenta y uno42. cuarenta y dos50. cincuenta60. sesenta70. setenta80. ochenta90. noventa100. ciento (cien)101. ciento uno102. ciento dos103. ciento tres110. ciento diez199. ciento noventa y nueve200. doscientos201. doscientos uno202. doscientos dos203. doscientos tres251. doscientos cincuenta y uno252. doscientos cincuenta y dos300. trescientos400. cuatrocientos500. quinientos600. seiscientos700. setecientos800. ochocientos900. novecientos1.000. mil2.000. dos mil3.000. tres mil3.333. tres mil trescientos treinta y tres1.000.000. un millà ³n1.000.000.000. mil millones The numbers above are sometimes called the cardinal numbers (nà ºmeros cardinales) to distinguith them from ordinal numbers (nà ºmeros ordinales) such as first and second. Shortening Uno and Ciento Uno and numbers ending in -uno are shortened to un when they immediately precede a masculine noun. When standing alone (that is, being 100 exactly) ciento is shortened to cien before preceding a noun of either gender; the longer form is used within longer numbers (except when preceding mil). un là ¡piz (one pencil)una pluma (one pen)cincuenta y un là ¡pices (51 pencils)cincuenta y una plumas (51 pens)cien là ¡pices (100 pencils)cien plumas (100 pens)ciento tres là ¡pices (103 pencils)ciento tres plumas (103 pens)cien mil là ¡pices (100,000 pencils)cien mil plumas (100,000 pens) Gender of Numbers Most numbers dont change with gender, but some do: When a number ends in -uno (one), the form -un is used before masculine nouns, and -una before feminine nouns. The uno form is used only in counting. Accent marks are used where needed to maintain the correct pronunciation. The hundreds of portions of numbers change in gender even when other parts of the number intervene before the noun. un coche (one car)una casa (one house)veintià ºn coches (21 cars)veintiuna casas (21 houses)doscientos coches (200 cars)doscientas casas (200 houses)doscientos dos coches (202 cars)doscientas dos casas (202 houses) Punctuation of Numbers In most of the Spanish-speaking world, periods and commas within numbers are reversed from what they are in U.S. English. Thus in Spain 1.234,56 would be the way of writing mil doscientos treinta y cuatro coma cincuentqa  y seis, or what would be written in the United States as 1,234.56. In Mexico, Puerto Rico and parts of Central America, numbers usually are punctuated as they are in the United States. Spelling of Numbers The numbers 16 through 19 and 21 through 29 used to be spelled as diez y seis, diez y siete, diez y ocho ... veinte y uno, veinte y dos, etc. Youll still see that spelling sometimes (the pronunciation is the same), but the modern spelling is preferred. Note that y (and) is not used to separate hundreds from the remainder of the number; thus one hundred and sixty-one is not ciento y sesenta y uno but ciento sesenta y uno. Note also that mil is not made plural in numbers above 1,999. Thus 2,000 is dos mil, not dos miles. Also, 1,000 is simply mil, not un mil. Pronunciation of Years The years in Spanish are pronounced the same as other cardinal numbers are. Thus, for example, the year 2040 would be pronounced as dos mil cuarenta. The English custom of pronouncing the centuries separately (in English we typically say twenty forty instead of two thousand forty) is not followed. Millions and More Numbers larger than the millions can get problematic in both English and Spanish. Traditionally, a billion has been a thousand million in U.S. English but a million-million in British English and Spanish has followed the British standard, with a trillion being a thousand billions in either case. Thus 1,000,000,000,000 would be a billion in British English but a trillion in U.S. English. Precise Spanish, following the British understanding, uses mil millones for 1,000,000,000 and billà ³n for 1,000,000,000,000, while trillà ³n is 1,000,000,000,000,000. But U.S. English has influenced Spanish, especially in Latin America, creating some confusion. The Royal Spanish Academy has suggested the use of millardo for 1,000,000,000, although the term has not gained widespread use except in reference to economic issues.

Essay on Adults with Learning Disabilities - 1697 Words

Adults with Learning Disabilities The field has not quite reached consensus on definitions of LD, and there are professionals as well as members of the public who do not understand them or believe they exist. For example, in a Roper (1995) survey of 1,200 adults, 85% associated LD with mental retardation 66% with deafness, and 60% with blindness. In Roccos (1997) research, faculty questioned the existence of certain conditions or if they existed, the appropriateness of classifying the condition as a disability (p. 158). However, most definitions describe learning disabilities as a group of disorders that affect the ability to acquire and use listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or math skills (Gerber and Reiff 1994;†¦show more content†¦One reason for the variance is misidentification. African-Americans and Hispanics are often inappropriately diagnosed with LD, such as speakers of African- American English whose language may be considered substandard or deficient by assessors (Gregg et al. 1996) . There is also the unresolved question yet persistent belief that one half of all adults with low literacy skills in fact have learning disabilities (Gerber and Reiff 1994, p. 121). Successful Adjustment for Adults with LD Adults with LD may face challenges in several areas of life, including education, employment, daily routines, and social interactions. However, many are able to make successful life adjustments. Research has recently been directed toward learning what factors help these adults succeed. Most of these studies used such measures of success as educational attainment, income, job level, and job and life satisfaction. Success was influenced by educational experiences and personal characteristics/ background. 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Business Law and Due Diligence Financial Performance

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Law and Due Diligence forFinancial Performance. Answer: Introduction: Due Diligence is present in business law of Australia which makes sure that important information about the business is assessed by the buyer. In a business relationship, it is necessary in determining the level of judgement which is a part of due diligence. Investigation of all aspects of the business for sale is conducted in the corporation law of Australia which looks into the financial performance, legal and tax compliance, customer contracts and intellectual property of the business. Due Diligence is usually conducted after the seller agreed in the principle to the deal but before signing a contract which is binding. The information of due diligence is highly sensitive as well as confidential. The seller may want to sign a non disclosure agreement before accessing the information (Emerson, 2010). Several cases follow due diligence like retailing act and franchise code of conduct. This assignment deals with two business partners opening a shop and making a relationship of contrac t with the franchisor. Also required for the recruit are the new permanent staffs. In order to solve the cases there are many acts which are described in this report. Body In the Case Study, two business partners, Layla and Emile opened a shop called Muffin Break in the Westfield Shopping Centre Food Court. It is necessary that there should be a relationship with the Franchisor (Food Co) for making the agreement and the business partners. Consideration took place between the business partners and the Franchisor according to the Australian Franchise Act. There is a Franchise agreement between the Franchisor of the Food Company with whom the agreement is made and the business partners. A document requires to be disclosed with the franchisor where there are industrial regulations of the Franchisor Code described with certain regulations and terms according to the Competition and Consumer Regulations 2014.While there are franchising between the business partners and the Food Company at the time according to the sub clause (4) Product code is required in the franchise while it takes place between the Food Company and the business partners. The franchisor must help the business partners regarding the lease problem within a period of two years. Franchise agreement takes place in terms of Paragraph (2)(b) of the contract (Spedding, 2009). There are mentioned some sections with codes and clause of franchise agreement in column 1 and column 2. The Franchisor should follow and the business partners should draw the concepts clearly before they form an agreement.The codes are described as follows [Source:www.legislations.gov.au] The Franchise agreement can be in written, oral and implied terms. The franchisor of the food company should solve any problems and service goods after two years of the franchise according to the Australian government franchise code of conduct ("Australian Competition and Consumer Commission", 2016). If there is any breach in the policies of the franchise agreement, the franchise will not be allowed to continue the trade of commerce and apply the contravention of industrial code according to section 51 AD of breach of the franchisee code and give penalty enforced by the law. The franchisor has to give information when applying formally, expressing an interest in and buying a franchised business. The information statement is a short document setting some of the risks and rewards of the franchise. The new code introduces an obligation under the Code for parties to act in good faith when they deal with one another. The franchising code of conduct introduced financial penalties and notic es for infringement for breaching of the code. It needs the franchisors for providing prospective franchisees with a short information sheet in order to outline the risks and the rewards of the franchising. It needs additional disclosure about the ability of the franchisor and a franchisee in order to online sell. It prohibits the franchisors to impose significant capital expenditures except in limited circumstances. A lease is at the centre of the relationship between the landlord and the tenant in a retail shop. It is a huge commitment to enter into a lease. The contracts are often five years and may run upto 25 years. Things do not go as planned. Rights and responsibilities must be understood by the tenant as well as the landlord. The business partners also have to follow the Release Lease Act 1994 according to which certain rents requires to be given to the person whose place is taken for the purpose of occupation ("NSW Small Business Commissioner - Home", 2016). There is an agreement between the owners of the place and the person who is taking the lease in that place while taking a lease according to the Retail Shop lease act 1994, revised in 2015. It is essential that renting should be paid after the possession of the lease. The time period should be properly written in a disclosed document with valid terms. There are specific limitations which the Westfield Shopping Centre Food Court is se t. Emily and Layla who are the business partners in this particular case study require following those limitations. The lease cannot be taken for a long period of time after 25 years. The time and the documentation require extending or renewing after 25 years. The commencement requires following the sections exempted from the act. Lease disclosure update requires being in the written format. Repealing forms require to be prescribed with written disclosure update letter between the person who is taking the lease and the owner of the property. Emile and Layla should comply with the rules and if the rules are broken then the penalties have to be given to the Westfield Shopping Centre. If the lessee who is the business partners (Emily and Layla) did any injury to the property of the lessor which is the Westfield Shopping Centre Food Court, then the lessor could ask for compensation by suing him in the Australian court. Penalty notices are sent by the court for breaching the rules. The rules require to be followed by Emile and Layla and breaching the rules can result in their penalty and their license will be cancelled and they will be imprisoned under the Australian law. After the lease is taken, it is essential that part time and full time permanent staff require to be recruited in the shop by Emily and Layla. For recruitment various processes should be followed according to the employment law. According to that act, national workplace relationship is required to be followed by the staffs who are recruited in the organisation. The system based on the bargain at the organisational level also providing the protection from unfair release for the employees is known as Fair Work Act 2009. This act refers to the protection for low paid and the right to be characterised atr the workplace. Fair Work Act 2009 accommodates the terms stating of jobs and the rights to duties of the workers and the representative associations in connection with the business. The national framework of the employees and business are controlled by the Fair Work Act. Employment which is not secured under the national industrial framework are managed by the important state modern relations framework. However, the Fair Work Act had a few non-national framework employees. The Act made a consistence of the requirement of the administration and builds up the bodies to oversee the act which includes the FWO and the Fair Work Australia (FWA). There are a few qualifications under the Fair Work Act which reaches out to non national framework employees. There are many parts of the Fair Works Act presenting chances in delivering legitimate opportunities to interest by full grown labourers and in connection to which ALRC makes recommendations including the privilege for asking the adaptable working, arrangements which are acknowledged by the notifications of the end of occupation or the termination of employees and the general assurances arrangement. There are 44 clauses of Fair Work Act 2009 required to be discussed in a scheduled way of acts under section A. There should be a relationship between the employer and the employee and they should not discriminate between the employer and the employee in the company according to the government. Several clauses are present for different employees. Clauses 3 of the Fair Work Act 2009 are applied. Part time employees require following specific rules which are required to be settled by the supervisor and Emile and Layla should use the rules of the Fair Work Act 2009 where the clauses should be applied to the employers for the recruitment of the employees and making them understand about the rules of the clauses so that the employees do not violate the rules of the clause of the regulations. According to hourly rate or standard rate of level 2 rules which are implied for National Employment Standards. Full time act is required to be applied in the company to be applied in the part time em ployment where the requirements of the employee are fulfilled by the employer. Full time employment is required to be applied in the company for the people who is doing full time work according to Clause 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16. The business partners should use the Fair work act 2009 where these clauses needs to be applied by the employers on the recruitment of the employees and to make them understand about the rules of the clauses so that the employees for not breaking the rules (Bukarica, Dallas, Bukarica, 2012) When the Fair Work Act 2009 is violated according to the employer and if the employer violated the rules then he has to give $10,200 to $10,800 to the employee as penalty. These codes are reluctantly described following the clauses and the penalty in the Penalty Unit and the perspective of the FW act. There are 300 penalty units and the violation of the Fair Work Act then the unfair act is termed. The rules have to be followed by the business partners and there should be no discrimination between the part time and the full time employees according to the Fair Work Act. The employees cannot face any problems in such cases. If there are such consequences according to the Australian National Act, they can complain against the business partners. Rules of the corporation act are incorporated in the shop which they want to open. The Fair Work Act 2009 governs the relationship of the employer with the employee in Australia. They provide a safety net of minimum entitlement which enables the working arrangements and the fairness during work preventing discrimination against the employees (Khurtsidze, 2013). The Fair Work Act 2009 and the Fair Work Amendment Act 2009 changes the Fair Work Act in allowing states in referring the matters to the Australian federal government in order to form a national workplace relations system. Before this workplace laws were set and administered by different states. States kept their workplace relations powers over state and local government employees. The Independent Contractors Act protects the rights of genuine independent contractors in order to enter into a contract for the services and prevents the interference by any other party (Bailey, 2011). Conclusions Many acts are described in the report which follows such an employment act, fair work act, retail lease act, franchise code, real property act and with many sections they are described by following different rules. The agreement or the deal took place between both the parties and in the consequence many federal rules of the Australian government have been stated. The implications of breaching the acts and the penalties with punishments are also defined clearly. The implication of the laws and the notices followed several terms taking place between Emily and Layla, the lessee, the lessor The Westfiled Shopping Centre Food Court and the franchisor who is the Food Co. The relationship between the employee and the employer and the rules of violation of the law are described and take place the proper terms of the deal. References Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2016). Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from https://www.accc.gov.au/ Bailey, M. (2011). Bringing 'the city to the suburbs'. Australia: Macquarie University. Bukarica, A., Dallas, A., Bukarica, A. (2012). Good faith bargaining under the Fair Work Act 2009. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press. Emerson, R. (2010). Franchise Encroachment. American Business Law Journal, 47(2), 191-290. Federal Register of Legislation. (2016). Legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from https://www.legislation.gov.au/ FreimuÃÅ'ˆller, H. (2012). Due diligence, disclosures, and warranties in the corporate acquisitions practice (21st ed.). London: Graham Trotman Khurtsidze, T. (2013). Franchise agreement. SaarbruÃÅ'ˆcken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. NSW Small Business Commissioner - Home. (2016). Smallbusiness.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from https://www.smallbusiness.nsw.gov.au/ Spedding, L. (2009). The due diligence handbook. Amsterdam: CIMA. Welcome to the Fair Work Ombudsman website. (2016). Fair Work Ombudsman. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from https://www.fairwork.gov.au/

UNCLE TOMS CABIN BOOK REPORT Essay Example For Students

UNCLE TOMS CABIN BOOK REPORT Essay In January 1851, Harriet Beecher Stowe received a welcome inspiration fromher brother Henry Ward Beecher who had come for a visit. One particularnight, the two stayed up until the early hours of dawn talking of their plansto fight slavery. It was this night that Stowe confided in her brother thatshe had begun a story that would set forth the sufferings and wrongs ofslaves. Henry encouraged his sister that she had to finish it. It was thefollowing month that a powerful scene for the end of her book came to her inchurch. As she sat on the pew she envisioned a vivid picture of an old blackman being beaten to death by two slaves at the orders of their white master. We will write a custom essay on UNCLE TOMS CABIN BOOK REPORT specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now From then on, the words poured out of her. She felt as if it were not shewho was writing Uncle Toms Cabin, but the hand of God. Stowe offered thisstory to The National Era who agreed to publish the book. In the North,Stowes novel raised an outcry against slavery. In the South, it provokedanger and hatred. Uncle Toms Cabin was not by any means the sole incidentthat forced the nation to address the issue of slavery. It was however, aninspiring and persuasive novel that helped change the mind of a nation. Infact, when Abraham Lincoln met with Stowe in the White House in 1863 hegreeted her by saying, So this is the little lady that made this big war.{Harriet Beecher Stowe by Cecelia Bland; pg. 15} The story opens with an intense conversation between Mr. Shelby and a Negrotrader called Haley. Haley holds Mr. Shelbys IOU for a considerable amountwhich he is unable to settle. Haley, being a cruel businessman, or inwords more suiting, a human hunter, takes full advantage as to compel Mr. Shelby to part with two of his most loved slavesUncle Tom, his generalmanager, and a little boy, the child of Eliza Harris. Eliza is Mrs. Shelbysloved maid and the wife of George Harris. Being determined not to have herchild sold down the river, Eliza runs off with the boy in the night. Beforefollowing her, we must take in to consideration two points in the story. The first is the conduct of Mrs. Shelby aiding at Elizas escape. Conductwhich is held up to the reader as commendable, and with the highest respects. Mr. Shelby has told his wife of the deal and that nothing could change whathad to be done and what is done. The reputation and good faith of Mr. Shelbyis now on the line and Mrs. Shelby knows this. Although the trade waspainful and hard for Mrs. Shelby, her loyalty and obedience to her husbandwould force her to go along with the ordeal. But this didnt stop her fromputting several obstacles in Haleys way. It is in this part of the bookthat Stowe brings out what is considered a higher law to bear upon Mrs. Shelbys line of duty, as obedience to ones husband was not recognized bythe new notion of womans rights. Perhaps there is no separation within fromethical consistency. The second part which we will discuss is the indifference many believe tothe fact and probability displayed in a conversation between the men whobecome engaged in the pursuit of Eliza. Haley, having given chase after somedelay, catches up with Eliza just in time to see her, child clutched to herarms, brave the dangers of the ice-bound Ohio River and gain the oppositebank in safety. This was one of the most dramatic and well-known scenes inthe book that will forever leave its mark within me. Frustrated by failure,Haley goes to a nearby tavern where he runs across two old acquaintances asevil as himself and who are also Negro traders. Haley gets them to assisthim in capturing Eliza. The matter is debated and a deal with the devil isstruck. The parties agree that in the case of recapture, the child is to besurrendered to Haley and the other two will take possession of Eliza. Haleypays fifty dollars in advance in case of failure. Here is a little dialoguethat takes place between them:Id manager that ar; theys young in the business and must spect to workcheap, said Marks, as he continued to read, Thers three on em easy casescause all youve got to do is shoot em or swear they is shot; they couldntof cours charge much for that. {Page 89}Some think this conversation between the men is unbelievable using the basisthat a man would not pay for lost, or in this case, dead property. George F. Holmes put it this way, What man in Vermont, having an ox or an ass that hadgone astray, would forthwith offer half the full value of the animal, notfor the carcass which might be turned to some useful purpose, but theunavailing satisfaction of its head? {The Southern Literary Messenger, 18(October 1852), pg. 634} I find that statement from Mr. Holmes utterlyclosed minded and verging on the edge of uneducated and naive. We havelearned what a cruel and devilish man Haley and other slave traders were. .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a , .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a .postImageUrl , .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a , .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a:hover , .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a:visited , .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a:active { border:0!important; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a:active , .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04f63b459a5fb836a8805e7366ba7b9a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Volleyball originally was mintonette by YMCA dir EssayMr. Holmes would try to have us believe that men who would rip a child fromtheir mothers arms or beat a man to death without an ounce of compassion isnot capable of having one of his runaway slaves killed just for the solepurpose of knowing the nigger got what he deserved. Surely Mr. Holmes doesnot expect his readers to be as naive as he. Going back to Eliza and her child, we follow them to the house of Senatorand Mrs. Byrd, where they are welcomed and cared for. Before the twoarrived, the Byrds had been in a heated conversation about lending aid torunaway slaves. We learn that Mr. Byrd is against helping runaway Negroe sand has recently helped passed a bill in the legislature of Ohio to forbidit. Mrs. Stowe, in this part of the book, takes great pride in showing ushow strong convictions of duty are melted away as the Senator hears Elizasstory. The worthy Senator proceeds to help Eliza to safety by smuggling herat night down dark and dangerous roads quite some distance to a nearby Quakervillage. The reader who will reflect upon the matter a single moment willsee that the Senator is applauded for what in his day was considered one ofthe worse offensesthe violation of his oath. Now we will turn back to George Harris, a remarkable black man who isconsidered a genius. George was hired by a large bagging factory where he isconsidered in charge of things. It is this factory in which he invents amachine for cleaning hemp that is considered as talented as Whitneys cottongin. After the invention, his master comes for a visit to the factory. Outraged and embarrassed at the fact that George is more intelligent and abetter businessman than himself, he takes George away from the factory andseeks to humble his proud spirit. George is put to tasks that are oftendegrading and when he does well he is beaten. After enduring all he can, hesays goodbye to Eliza and the boy who are still at the Shelby estate. Hethen disguises himself and with two pistols and a bowie knife, he runs off tothe border of the free states. Eliza and George are later reunited at theQuaker village by a lucky accident. But they are not out of danger, for theyare still being hunted. It is necessary for them to continue to push on toCanada. On the way they are overtaken and a struggle ensues between the twoparties in which one hunter, Loker, is shot by George Harris. The rest ofthe pursuers flee and the heroic three proceed to the Canadian shore of LakeErie. Their struggle was tremendous and hard and now they can rest knowingthey are free at last. Now we go b ack to see what fate came to Uncle Tom, who was also sold but didnot run. When Haley comes back from the pursuit of Eliza to take Uncle Tom,the master Shelby is overcome with emotions and leaves the plantation inorder to avoid the sadness of goodbye. But the others, including Mrs. Shelby, weep tears of sorrow for what is about to happen. The only two whoseem unaffected are in fact Uncle Tom and Haley. It is qualities like thesein Uncle Tom that lead the critics of the book to view it as a bad novel. Baldwin, the literary critic writes, Uncle Toms Cabin is a bad novel,having in it self-righteous, virtuous sentimentality much in common withLittle Women. Sentimentality, the ostentatious parting of excessive andspurious emotion, is the mark of dishonesty, the inability to feelTom hasbeen robbed of his humanity and divested of his sex. {Leslie A. Fiedler, TheInadvertent Epic; pg. 15} I however, believe that Stowe was trying to show apicture of a man, who being beaten down by society, was only trying to holdfast in his belief of a mightier law, the law of God. A mile from the house, Haley and Tom meet with young George Shelby, the sonof Uncle Toms former master, who has been absent for a few days. After atouching goodbye, George promises to redeem Tom at some future point. Haleyreaches the Mississippi and heads to New Orleans. Before they arrive, afortunate event happens that will forever alter Toms future. Among thepassengers on board the steamer is Mr. St. Clare, a rich planter, and hisdaughter, Eva, and one Mrs. Ophelia, his cousin. One day the little girlfalls overboard just as the boat is leaving a landing. Tom, who has beenreading the Bible nearby, jumps in immediately and saves the young girl fromdrowning. A friendship between the two develops. It is this friendship thatleads to the purchase of Uncle Tom by Mr. St. Clare, whose plantation in NewOrleans becomes our heros new home. His duties here consist mainly ofkeeping little Eva happy. They played together and often Eva would readstories to Tom. For two years they enjoyed peaceful, playful days. But soonlittle Eva becomes fatally ill. Day by day, the charming bright little facethat Uncle Tom so enjoyed was vanishing away. Tom spends much time at thedying girls bedside. It is scenes like these in Mrs. Stowes novel that leaves the reader full ofemotion. At last the inevitable happens and little Eva slips away. UncleTom is engulfed with grief. This by far was one my favorite parts, writtenso eloquently tha t one can almost feel the sorrow that overcomes Uncle Tom. .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 , .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 .postImageUrl , .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 , .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548:hover , .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548:visited , .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548:active { border:0!important; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548:active , .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548 .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33324d6583eba952c58f27c3b117e548:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Importance of sex education EssaySoon after the death of little Eva, Mr. St. Clare determines to emancipateTom and takes the first steps to do so. But a cruel twist of fate leaves St. Clare stabbed and dead before his wishes for Tom are carried out. Tom findshimself at the mercy of his masters widow Marie St. Clare, a ruthless andproud selfish woman. In a greedy and cruel manner, Marie sells Tom. UncleTom now becomes the property of Simon Legree a Red River planter. Uncle Toms Cabin is entitled praise for this remarkable character bygiving the world assurance of a devilish villain. Legree carries Uncle Tomin fetters to his plantation. Here Tom endures such cruelty that it seemsalmost impossible to bare. He is beaten daily for the sole reason that hedoesnt deserve it. And when he does not cry during the beatings, it isconsidered cause to intensify the pain. He does more than his share of thework and is flogged for it. One day, in a frenzy of rage, Legree scourgesTom beyond the point of human endurance and the hero falls, never to get upagain.While Uncle Tom is dying, young George Shelby comes to redeem hispromise. One can almost feel the emotions that rage out of c ontrol in theyoung George Shelby as he sees his long tried Negro servant and friend die. The following scene was the only slightly disappointing scene. Stowe getsour blood pumping for revenge and we long to see Legree pay for his crimes. Instead, the readers only justice is when with one indignant blow, heknocks Legree flat on his face! The reader expects much more from anauthor who had us on the edge of our seats as we watch Eliza dash across theriver, made our hearts break as we watched little Eva die and our hatred forLegree boil in our blood as we slowly watched him murder our hero. One mustquestion why Stowe would set us up for the anticipation of a justifiablehomicide only to deprive us of it later. Before Toms death and when he came to the plantation, he came across awoman named Cassy, another of Legrees slaves. Her life was a hard one fullof great suffering. She was a child of a slave woman and a wealthy whiteman. She lived a life of luxury and at the proper age was sent to a conventwhere she learned many things. Her father had died of cholera when she wasjust fourteen and Cassy was listed as part of his property. The lawyer thatcame to settle the property was intrigued by her beauty and in turn Cassyfell in love with him. He bought Cassy and for years she lived the life of afairy tale. He furnished her with servants, carriages, dresses and muchmore. The two had two lovely children. But the dream soon turned into anightmare. Cassy was sold with her two children to pay off gambling debtsand Simon Legree came in to possession of her. Her children were sent off toa fate unknown to Cassy. She devised a plan of escape with another servant. It was in connection with their disappearance that Uncle Tom suffered. Cassy, disguised as a Spanish Donna and the other woman as her servant,took Legrees money and escaped. They reached safety on a Mississippisteamboat. It was on this boat that they came across George Shelby on hisreturn to Kentucky. George, struck by the beauty of Cassy, observes herrather closely. Cassy becomes a little uneasy and confides in him her story. Mr. Shelby assures her of his protection. Occupying the room next to Cassy is Madame de Thoux. The Madame begins tomake inquiries of Shelby concerning George Harris who we find out is herbrother. It is during this conversation that Shelby mentions Harrismarriage to Eliza. Now we learn that Eliza is Cassys child. We are soonrewarded with a grand family reunion in Montreal where George Harris isliving five to six years after the beginning of the story. Uncle Toms Cabin was a remarkable book that changed the mind of a nation. Reading the book was an eye opening experience that portrayed the pains andsufferings of black slaves. Mrs. Stowe should be commended for writing sucha moving novel when it was considered unpopular for a woman to voice herviews and opinions on political matters. I applaud Mrs. Stowe for herintegrity and courage.

Smartphone Industry The WritePass Journal

Smartphone Industry Executive summary Smartphone Industry ). New entrants find it challenging to compete and gain in the market share which is dominated by major brands. However, some new smartphones manufacturers such as Sony and ZTE are rapidly gaining popularity and market share. Competitive advantage within the smartphone industry. The smartphone market is highly competitive, and it has experienced dramatic changes in the recent past. In 2007, Apple defeated BlackBerry from the leading position as the dominant smartphone maker Laffey (2011). Smartphone market competition has also been based on the two main operating systems, Google’s Android and Apples’ IOS (Park et al 2011). Apple has managed to take the leading position in the market because of its high specification products, integrated operating system and quality hardware (Laffey, 2011). Apple’s success is also attributed to its luxury brand image established during the reign of Steve Jobs Apple provides the eco-system of apps available online on Apple’s app-store platform (Park et al 2011). The Kindle Fire, an Amazon product is expected to challenge Apple by offering readerse new opportunities to access to Amazon’s online e-books store (Laffey, 2011). Amazon’s relationship with content providers will enable it secure the delivery of its apps and video content providing a new competition across the market segment (Laffey, 2011). The difference in pricing between Android and IOS phones has impacts on competition (Laffey, 2011). Most Android smartphones are affordable while some devices from Apple are less affordable. Apple benefits from a higher income from this (Laffey, 2011). Conclusion In summary, the current smartphone is no longer exclusive for early adopters. Streamlining of new innovations has led to increased competition and patent litigation. It is evident that the smartphone market is controlled by a few major smartphones makers. Smartphones have heralded a new era in the communication industry and changed several aspects of human lifestyle. New software makers need to develop an operating system to make a unique distinction in the current market. References Ahson, S. and Ilayas. (2006) Smartphones [online]. Intl. Engineering Consortium. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk [Accessed 4 April 2014] Boyes, W., and Melvin, M. (2012) Macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk[Accessed 4 April 2014] BBC (2010) ‘Leading mobile phone lose market share’, 10 November. Available from bbc.co.uk/news/business-11725411 [Accessed 4 April 2014] Egham (2012) ‘Gartner says worldwide smartphone sales soared in Fourth quarter of 2011 with 47 percent growth’. Garner [online]. 15 February. Available from: gartner.com/newsroom/id/1924314 [Accessed 4 April 2014] Ferell, O., C., and Fraedrich, J. (2014) Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making Cases [online]. Cengage Learning. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk[Accessed 4 April 2014] Henry, A. (2008) Understanding Strategic Management [online]. Oxford University Press. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk [Accessed 3 April 2014]. Himmelsbach, T. (2013) A Survey on Todays Smartphone Usage [online]. GRIN Verlag. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk[Accessed 4 April 2014] Hill, C., Jones, G., and Schilling, M. (2014) Strategic Management: Theory Cases: An Integrated Approach [online]. Cengage Learning. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk[Accessed 4 April 2014] Laffey, D. (2011) Strategic issues in Tablets and Smartphones: An Agenda (Non-referred research note). Journal of Strategic Management Education 7(4): 287-290 Park, J., Yang, L., and Lee, C. (2011) Future Information Technology: 6th International Conference on Future Information Technology, FutureTech 2011, Crete, Greece, June 28-30, 2011. Proceedings [online]. Springer. Available at: http://books.google.co.uk [Accessed 4 April 2014]

The Domestication of Maize in America

The Domestication of Maize in America Maize (Zea mays) is a plant of enormous modern-day economic importance as foodstuff and alternative energy source. Scholars agree that maize was domesticated from the plant teosinte (Zea mays spp. parviglumis) in central America at least as early 9,000 years ago. In the Americas, maize is called corn, somewhat confusingly for the rest of the English-speaking world, where corn refers to the seeds of any grain, including barley, wheat or rye. The process of maize domestication radically changed it from its origins. The seeds of wild teosinte are encased in hard shells and arranged on a spike with five to seven rows, a spike that shatters when the grain is ripe to disperse its seed. Modern maize has hundreds of exposed kernels attached to a cob which is completely covered by husks and so cannot reproduce on its own. The morphological change is among the most divergent of speciation known on the planet, and it is only recent genetic studies that have proven the connection. The earliest undisputed domesticated maize cobs are from Guila Naquitz cave in Guerrero, Mexico, dated about 4280-4210 cal BC. The earliest starch grains from domesticated maize have been found in the Xihuatoxtla Shelter, in the Rio Balsas valley of Guerrero, dated to ~9,000 cal BP. Theories of Maize Domestication Scientists have put forward two main theories about the rise of maize. The teosinte model argues that maize is a genetic mutation direct from teosinte in the lowlands of Guatemala. The hybrid origin model states that maize originated in the Mexican highlands as a hybrid of diploid perennial teosinte and early-stage domesticated maize. Eubanks has suggested a parallel development within the Mesoamerican interaction sphere between lowland and highland. Recently starch grain evidence has been discovered in Panama suggesting the use of maize there by 7800-7000 cal BP, and the discovery of wild teosinte growing in the Balsas river region of Mexico has lent support to that model. The Xihuatoxtla rockshelter in the Balsas river region reported in 2009 was discovered to contain domesticated maize starch granules in occupation levels dated to the Paleoindian period, more than 8990 cal BP. That suggests that maize may have been domesticated by hunter-gatherers thousands of years before it became a staple of peoples diets. The Spread of Maize Eventually, maize spread out from Mexico, probably by the diffusion of seeds along trade networks rather than migration of people. It was used in the southwestern United States by about 3,200 years ago, and in the eastern United States beginning about 2,100 years ago. By 700 AD, maize was well established up into the Canadian shield. DNA studies suggest that purposeful selection for various traits continued throughout this period, leading to the wide variety of species today. For example, 35 different races of maize have been identified in pre-Columbian Peru, including popcorns, flint varieties, and varieties for specific uses, such as chicha beer, textile dyes, and flour. Agricultural Traditions As maize was spread outside of its roots in central America, it became part of already existing agricultural traditions, such as the Eastern Agricultural complex, which included pumpkin (Cucurbita sp), chenopodium and sunflower (Helianthus). The earliest direct-dated maize in the northeast is the 399–208 cal BC, in the Finger Lakes region of New York, at the Vinette site. Other early appearances are Meadowcroft Rockshelter Archaeological Sites Important to Maize Archaeological sites of importance to the discussion of maize domestication include Central America:  Ã‚  Xihuatoxtla Shelter  (Guerrero, Mexico), Guila Naquitz (Oaxaca, Mexico) and  Coxcatlan Cave  (Tehuacan, Mexico)Southwest USA:  Bat Cave  (New Mexico),  Gatecliff Shelter  (Nevada)Midwest USA: Newt Kash Hollow (Tennesee)Northeast USA: Vinette (New York), Schultz (Michigan), Meadowcroft (Pennsylvania) Some Recent Maize Studies This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to  Plant  Domestications,  and part of the  Dictionary of Archaeology. Carpenter Slavens J, and Snchez G. 2013.  Los cambios ambientales del Holoceno Medio/ Holoceno Tardà ­o en el desierto de Sonora y sus implicaciones en la diversificacià ³n del Yuto-aztecano y la difusià ³n del maà ­z.  Dilogo Andino  41:199-210. Ellwood EC, Scott MP, Lipe WD, Matson RG, and Jones JG. 2013.  Stone-boiling maize with limestone: experimental results and implications for nutrition among SE Utah preceramic groups.  Journal of Archaeological Science  40(1):35-44. Freeman, Jacob. Crop Specialization, Exchange and Robustness in a Semi-arid Environment. Human Ecology, John M. Anderies, Andrea Torvinen, et al., Volume 42, Issue 2, SpringerLink, January 29, 2014. Gil AF, Villalba R, Ugan A, Cortegoso V, Neme G, Michieli CT, Novellino P, and Durn V. 2014.  Isotopic evidence on human bone for declining maize consumption during the little ice age in central western Argentina. Journal of Archaeological Science 49(0):213-227. Grimstead DN, Buck SM, Vierra BJ, and Benson LV. 2015.  Another possible source of archeological maize found in Chaco Canyon, NM: The Tohatchi Flats area, NM, USA.  Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports  3:181-187. Haas J, Creamer W, Huamn Mesà ­a L, Goldstein D, Reinhard KJ, and Vergel Rodrà ­guez C. 2013.  Evidence for maize (Zea mays) in the Late Archaic (3000-1800 B.C.) in the Norte Chico region of Peru.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  110(13):4945-4949. Hart JP, and Lovis WA. 2013. Reevaluating What We Know About the Histories of Maize in Northeastern North America: A Review of Current Evidence. Journal of Archaeological Research  21(2):175-216 Killion TW. 2013.  Nonagricultural cultivation and social complexity.  Current Anthropology  54(5):596-606. Matsuda, Masahiko. Upland Farming Systems Coping with Uncertain Rainfall in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar: How Stable is Indigenous Multiple Cropping Under Semi-Arid Conditions? Human Ecology 41, ResearchGate, December 2013. Reed PF, and Geib PR. 2013.  Sedentism, Social Change, Warfare, and the Bow in the Ancient Pueblo Southwest.  Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews  22(3):103-110. Snchez-Pà ©rez S, Solleiro-Rebolledo E, Sedov S, de Tapia EM, Golyeva A, Prado B, and Ibarra-Morales E. 2013.  The Black San Pablo Paleosol of the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico: Pedogenesis, Fertility, and Use in Ancient Agricultural and Urban Systems.  Geoarchaeology  28(3):249-267. Shillito, Lisa-Marie. Grains of truth or transparent blindfolds? A review of current debates in archaeological phytolith analysis. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Volume 22, Issue 1, SpringerLink, January 2013. Thompson V, Gremillion K, and Pluckhahn T. 2013.  Challenging the Evidence for Prehistoric Wetland Maize Agriculture at Fort Center, Florida.  American Antiquity  78(1):181-193. VanDerwarker A, Marcoux J, and Hollenbach K. 2013.  Farming and Foraging at the Crossroads: The Consequences of Cherokee and European Interaction Through the Late Eighteenth Century.  American Antiquity  78(1):68-88. Warinner C, Garcia NR, and Tuross N. 2013.  Maize, beans and the floral isotopic diversity of highland Oaxaca, Mexico.  Journal of Archaeological Science  40(2):868-873.

Is the American Dream Over Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is the American Dream Over - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  the opportunity to become a rich and successful citizen is influenced by the level of education. Here we can trace the main manifestations of inequality, which influence the future of the country and people. Rich people appear in advanced position. Good education in the USA costs much; therefore, the possibilities of a child to receive this education directly depend on the prosperity and the education level of his parents. It’s hard for the parents to earn decent money without good education. The vicious circle appears as a result. The prospects of any American depend on the income and education of his/her parents more, than the prospects of a resident of almost any other developed country. On the other hand, many people think that income inequality is not a problem and the American dream is not so important for America.  This paper highlights that  the most disappointing thing is that the rich are sure that they should live better, beca use they deserve it as they managed to earn money. Such ideas worsen the situation. In the last decades America chose the political agenda that left the most vulnerable sectors of society behind. The growing concentration of wealth and considerable decrease of taxes on it did not allow investing in education and protection of children. The unemployment rate among the schools graduates is growing rapidly. One more indicator of population distress significantly grew: the frequency of use of various discounts and benefits.

BIOLOGY ASPECTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

BIOLOGY ASPECTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE - Essay Example Some of the information requires to be translated into taste, sound, touch and smell. This is why this system is important since it performs these actions. The system also controls body nerves The three systems are responsible in the communication of the body parts. Without one part, one path of relaying body signals will be incomplete. That is, failure of one system will lead automatically to bodily disorders. Every organ being vital assists the other systems in ensuring that the body parts functions well. Autonomic nervous system The function of this system is to control the functioning of the internal organs like intestines, heart and stomach. Additionally, this system is responsible in controlling some of the body muscles. For example, most of the time we do not recognize when the heart beats increase or when the blood vessels contract and expand, this one is responsible for the autonomic nervous system to take care of. Therefore the system conveys information from all parts of t he body. This system is normally Co ordinated by the hypothalamus and the system is a significant homeostasis process. Endocrine system This system consists of glands which produce hormones to the blood streams. It produces chemicals which assist in controlling the body’s metabolic activities. ... The hypothalamus is an area between the brain stem and cerebrum that is responsible for controlling sleep patterns, body temperature, thirst, hunger, visual and auditory reflexes. Andersen and J. M. (2002, p.10-15) It is also responsible for communication between the cerebellum and other vital parts of the brain and also the selection of stimuli which are sent to the brain. The hypothalamus serves as a link between the endocrine system, autonomic and central nervous system. The role of the hypothalamus in controlling feeding behavior while linking all the three systems The hypothalamus plays a key role in the homeostasis of energy in triggering feeding behaviors. This is because the control of energy is important which makes eating the most fundamental aspect in maintaining body fats. The feeding behavior is a good example of how the hypothalamus links the endocrine system, central and autonomic nervous system. In the event when there is a deficiency in body fats, the endocrine syste m through a hormone called leptin comes in place sends stimuli to the hypothalamus. Charmandari, Tsigos, Chrousos (2005, p.265-270) In return the hypothalamus sends impulses to the autonomic nervous system and which are further relayed to the central nervous system and the final aspect is the feeling of hunger which motivates us to eat. Therefore the hypothalamus serves many purposes and is crucial in linking all the three systems. This interaction in return helps to control the mode of behavior in humans The functions and diseases of the brain Areas of function of the brain The brain is said to be the center of every signal sent by the body parts. Once a signal is sent to the brain, it acts by interpreting the signal and produces the action for the signal. The

Alliant health system Essay Example for Free

Alliant health system Essay From my point of view no strategy is perfectly sound. There are some or other lacking points in every strategy. In case of alliants strategy, although they have made quite advancements but in last 5yrs they have hit a few unexpected obstacles and drawbacks that has staggered their progress. alliants were only been able to lay the base. The working of alliants was facing the problem of in cordiality to the total quality management philosophy. For alliants to eliminate the problem the quality process still needs a jumpstart ,even the physicians show broader there view point, implementation of an IT system that fully supports total quality management by getting them the data and the important facts it need to have to in cooperate innovation in future in their organisation. Even the CEO wolford said that he cannot talk about any one area which is doing substantially well than its competitors. alliants were finding a problem to get plans into implementation. Even as per the statistics the unable to monitor rate was around 2% to 70%. How well have they implemented the quality strategy? Alliants thought of a new action plan to introduce total quality management with the help of quality management team with a 10 pointer action setup. This time they were determent that the implementation of plans takes up systematically. Mainly 4 area of TQM strategy were taken of well. 1) CARES+ this process was implemented all across the alliants. This helped in shifting from the traditional system of the planning to the improvement of the quality which was highly efficient. 2) EQUIP- this was an idea to give voice to the employees. They were allowed to share their point of view and give their ideas, innovations and communicate with the higher management of the organisation. 3) . Quality Improvement Teams- these teams brought the technicality and specific analytical tools to bring implementation in action. 4) . Critical Paths 3. Evaluate their information technology needs. Believed information technology (I/T) is a key in the future strength of TQM Need â€Å"expert systems – computers to help the mind† â€Å"Was a shift in focus: to patient-oriented systems rather than functional, â€Å"stove pipe† applications that met narrow departmental needs. Physicians, clinical support professionals, and administrators could share information and drive continuous improvement in service â€Å"HELP offered advice on possible diagnoses, cost-effective treatments, resource scheduling, and drug contraindications. † New I/T strategy offered significant advantages over Alliant’s existing patchwork of stand-alone systems: System worked concurrently – advice was available as patient was being treated Had the potential to improve coordination dramatically by collecting data from all corners of the hospital into a single patient-centered system 4. Would you proceed with HELP? From my point of view, yes we should proceed with HELP. As this improving the quality, saving time and even the paper. This system has helped the hospital in making the whole organisation a one working unit. This is basically a single patient orient system that has all the information about every patient who has been admitted in any of their hospital in any other area. This has eliminated the repeated data and has been proved to be more productive, efficient and well organised. 5. What would you do to make sure implementation is successful? The steps which i would take will involve

Minimum Wage is The Bare Minimum Essay example -- Argumentative Persua

Minimum Wage: The Bare Minimum "They work hard every day; they stock our store shelves, wash dishes at our restaurants, clean our offices at night, care for our kids during the day...They have in common the minimum wage. And they need a raise, and as you saw, they deserve a raise" (Clinton). President Clinton made this speech on the south lawn of the White House at 10:30 a.m. on the 8th of March 2000. He argued for the minimum wage hike to go into effect. He argued for the population of the United States who worked at the federal minimum wage. But was his argument feasible? Would it be practical to raise the federal minimum wage from its current status of $5.15 an hour, to $6.15 an hour? President Roosevelt instated the first minimum wage on June 25, 1938. It created a law which made it illegal for employers to pay their workers under .25 cents an hour. While this law made it easier for workers, businesses and industries of the time found themselves lower on their supply of money, and higher on demand of workers. Economists predicted that the Great Depression (already in its ninth year) would get worse, and that Roosevelt would lose popularity among his peers. Little did we know Roosevelt lost 80 seats in the house that year, and the Depression worsened (Folsom). Now, the economics of raising the minimum wage has seen many more positive effects, or according to our president and the National Economic Council. "Since the minimum wage was raised in 1996, our economy has created over 10 million new jobs. The unemployment rate is at its lowest point in 30 years" (Clinton). The figures seem to be all in the right to just raise the minimum wage once again. On March 10, 2000 the House passed a m... ...eop.gov.us/2000/3/8/11.text.1 March 8, 2000. Folsom, Burton W. Minimum Wage Causes Maximum Pain. "Mackinac Center for Public Policy." [online]. Available: June 1, 1998. Golway, Terry. Life in the 90's. (increases in minimum wage are socially just and economically beneficial). "America Press Inc." [online]. Available: October 24, 1998. House Passes Minimum Wage Increase With Tax Cut Package. "About.com" [online]. Available: http://usgovinfo.about.com/newsissues/usgovinfo/library/news/aa031000a.htm March 10, 2000. Lehman, Joseph G. Minimum Wage Hurts Teenagers and Minorities. "The Mackinac Center for Public Policy." [online]. Available: June 1, 1998 Reed, Lawrence W. Minimum Wage is Lousy Economics. "The Mackinac Center for Public Policy." [online] Available: March 5, 1990.

Energy Conversation States

TMA03 Covering Block 3 Question 1 (a)An impactor mass of 45 kg is used to represent the weight of child reasonably regarded to be involved in an accident with glass or plastics. (b)The BS standards gives the manufacturers a clear set of standards that their products need to achieve to be safe and fit for the purpose that they have been designed for. It also gives the purchaser the expectation that the item has reached the standards set down by the BSI and will be a safe for the expected life of the item. (c) (i)The energy on impact is calculated by using the following equations:Potential Energy (PE) = mass x gravity x height This gives the potential energy at the height when the ball is held at the start of the test. This can be used as a check to for the Kinetic energy (KE) equation as the law of energy conversation states that energy may neither be created nor destroyed. Therefore the sum of all the energies in the system is a constant. So the PE when the ball is held at height wil l be the same as the KE just before the impact with the glass. To calculate the KE use the equation KE = ? mv2 (ii) Using the KE equation from question (i)KE = ? mv2 |u = initial velocity | |v = final velocity | |a = acceleration | |s = distance | Insert the constants of Mass = 45kg To calculate the v2 using the equation v2 = u2 + 2 x a x s For test 1 KE = ? mv2 For the v2 v2 = 02 + 2 x 9. 8 x 305 Gives 5978 Insert in to KE = ? mv2 to give KE = ? x 45 x 5978 To give 134505 = 135J to 3 sf To check use PE = mgh 45 x 9. 8 x 305 = 134505 Round up to 3 sf to give 135 J So PE =KE 135J is as given in BS 6206:1981. For test 2KE = ? mv2 For the v2 v2 = 02 + 2 x 9. 8 x 457 Gives 8957. 2 Insert in to KE = ? mv2 to give KE = ? x 45 x 8957. 2 To give 201537 = 202J to 3 sf To check use PE = mgh 45 x 9. 8 x 457 = 201537 Round up to 3 sf to give 202 J So PE =KE 202J is as given in BS 6206:1981. For Test 3 KE = ? mv2 For the v2 v2 = 02 + 2 x 9. 8 x 1219 Gives 23892. 4 Insert in to KE = ? mv2 to give KE = ? x 45 x 23892. 4 To give 537579 = 538J to 3 sf To check use PE = mgh 45 x 9. 8 x 1219 = 537579 Round up to 3 sf to give 538 J So PE =KE 538J is as given in BS 6206:1981 iii) The velocity that the impactor strikes the glass when it is dropped from a height of 1219 mm is calculated as above using: v2 = u2 + 2 x a x s v2 = 02 + 2 x 9. 8 x 1219 = 23892. 4 v = (23892. 4= 154. 6 m s-1 Question 2 (a)There are 3 main features of an invention to make it patentable. It has to have something new about it; this could be an improvement on an existing item. Also it must have a purpose (useful) and be able to be manufactured but this is not as important with today’s technologies as a software program can be patented. b) (i) The advantages of using a hollow shape for lintels are that a solid lintel is both heavy and cumbersome when it is in transit and when being manoeuvred into position at the build site. The added weight of the lintel will also require the supporting wall to be at a required strength to support the lintel and the load above it. They can be considered that they can be over designed for the job that they are intended for. It is possible to remove material from a beam without compromising its strength, as the material removed will be from areas that the stress is negligibly small is not a large volume.The stiffness of the beam will depend upon the properties of the material used in its construction and the component geometry of the design of the beam. (ii) In the Dorman Long patent the suggested material of construction plate/sheet steel. The use of plate/sheet steel is favoured due to its stiffness compared to its weight and that it can be easily folded or rolled in the construction of the lintel. (c) (i) Refer back to claim 1 of the Catnic patent as discussed in Block 3 Part 2.List the ‘essential integers’ of the Catnic lintel, and identify which component part is absent from the Dorman Long patent. a first horizontal plate or part adapted to support a course or plurality of superimposed units forming part of the inner skin and a second horizontal plate or part substantially parallel to the first and spaced there from in a downward vertical direction and adapted to span the cavity in the cavity wall and be supported at least at each end thereof upon courses forming parts of the outer and inner skins respectively of the cavity wall adjacent an a perture, and first rigid inclined support member extending downwardly and forwardly from or near the front edge adjacent the cavity of the first horizontal plate or part and forming with the second plate or part at an intermediate position which lies between the front and rear edge of the second plate or part and adapted to extend across the cavity, and a second rigid support member extending vertically from or from near the rear edge of the first horizontal plate or part to join with the second plate or part adjacent its rear edge. ii) The supporting member between th e two Suggest what effect the extra part is likely to have on the performance of the Catnic lintel compared to the Dorman Long lintel. (6 + 2 = 8 marks) Question 3 a) Although in a perfect environment there would be no risk to any persons or property and to remove any risk would mean stopping the processes that give rise to risk. However that is not the case so there will always risk involved in everything that we carry out.I have widely based this answer on the nuclear power industry where the risks involved are both acceptable and less acceptable. |Risk more acceptable | |No alternatives available |This could be classed as the use of a radio active fuel in a nuclear power | | |station.The risk of its use would be classed as acceptable as there is not| | |a suitable alternative as a fuel. | |Risk known with certainty |The use of a radio active fuel and its risks are known with certainty and | | |should be factored in to the design and management of the facility. | |Risk less accep table | |Effect delayed |Prolonged exposure to a radio active element will have a delayed effect | | dependant upon the length and magnitude of the exposure. So if these | | |exposures are not monitored and controlled the risk would be less | | |acceptable. | |Consequences irreversible |Again as the damage done from high, prolonged exposure to a radio active | | |element to the human body can be irreversible.Also a spillage or | | |accidental release to the environment could lead to the area being of no use| | |to the local population for a considerable time. | b) The principle of ALARP where improvements to the systems or process to reduce the risks are shown to be greater than the costs in the production compared to the benefits gained. The extra costs may be balanced against the risk reduction, for example, reducing the risk of exposure to the environment and humanity from hazardous chemicals or ionising radiation.The ALARP assessment in figure 3 shows that the acceptable risk fo r electrical control systems has been broken in to 3 defined harm categories. The inverted triangles show that as the frequency of those injured rises then the risk becomes less tolerable. The area shaded â€Å"broadly acceptable† shows that the processes carried out do not pose a risk to those involved, risk is negligible and it will be necessary to maintain checks and safety futures to keep the injuries at this level.In the area marked â€Å"tolerable if ALARP† shows the area that the risk of injury to those involved in the process ahs increased, if the risk was under taken then there could be a benefit. This can be broken into 2 further subsections, if the frequency is low the it can be tolerable if the cost of the risk reduction exceeds the improvement, as the frequency increases then it would only be tolerable if the risk reduction is impractical or the cost disproportionate to the gains in improvement.The area shaded â€Å"intolerable† is the area where th e frequency is at it highest and therefore the risk cannot be justified unless in exceptionable circumstances, for example working on a live high voltage electrical system. Question 4 Table 4. 4 in Block 3 Part 4 shows the various stages in energy conversion for fuel used to power a computer. It shows a hypothetical balance sheet for energy conversion from chemical energy (in a fuel) to light energy (light emitted by a computer display). a) The law of energy conversation states that energy may neither be created nor destroyed but transformed into different forms of energy i. . to heat, light, or noise energy. Therefore the sum of all the energies in the system is a constant. Explain briefly the principle of the conservation of energy, and how it applies at each stage in the energy conversion process. (2 marks) (b) Calculate the percentage of the total available energy that is converted to: (a) heat (b) noise (c) electrical energy. In each case, show your working fully. (4 + 4 + 4 = 12 marks) †¢ break into three parts†¦ energy required for ice to reach a temp of 0 q1 = mcT q1 = 11. 75 g(2. 09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)(-5. 00 °C-0 °C) q1 = -122. 8J second part nergy required for change of states from solid to liquid q2 = n*? Hfus n = 11. 75g / 18. 02g/mol n = 0. 65mol q2 = 0. 65mol * 6. 02 kJ/mol q2 = 4. 0kJ careful units!!!! q2 = 4000J third part.. energy required for liquid water from 0 to 0. 500 °C†¦ q3 = mcT q3 = 11. 75 g(4. 21 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)(0. 500 – 0) q3 = 24. 7J ENERGY IN TOTAL†¦ E = q1 + q2 + q3 E = -122. 8J + 4000J + 24. 7J E = 3902J The final 10 marks for the assignment are awarded for presentation – see the guidance in the introduction to this booklet. These will be scored on the PT3 form as Question 5. Assignment Booklet

Presidential Symphony Orchestra of Turkey Essay

On Friday, December 24, 2004 at 20:00 the Presidential Symphony Orchestra performed very impressive â€Å"New Year Concert† with fourteen pieces from a range of composers as Johann Strauss, Giacomo Puccini, Leonard Bernstein, Johann Sebastian Bach, Pytor Ilyich Tchaikovsky, P. Necherporenko, Niccolo Paganini and George Gershwin. The program included different kinds of tastes from classic music. Shardad Rohani conducted, Murat Tamer as concertmaster, Khori Dastoor, Janna Kozvik and Andrei Gorbachev appeared as soloists. Although I was impressed by the whole concert, the second half made a more lasting effect on me. The concert opened with the Yarasa Opereti Uvertà ¼rà ¼ which is written by Johann Strauss. This composition began quietly. As the string instruments played in harmony, the brass instruments (tuba) entered with a slow melody. The temper became more impressive as it developed. The tempo became faster and the texture more intense with flute entrances. The different instruments were successful one another until they eventually all entered in harmony. The trumpets were important players in the overture, effectively supported with the continuous beating of the drums and timpani. Other work of the orchestra was West Side Story. This composition was written by Leonard Bernstein in 1957 as a type of musical and also a wonderful opera aria. The composition opened dramatically with the soprano soloist , K. Dastoor, entire ensemble playing together. The instruments moved from one chord to the next. The beautiful melody is supported by the representation of the tones of chords as seperate notes, adding warmth and emotion to the piece. After the intermission the atmosphere became more enjoyable by the soloists, especially Andrei Gorbachev. He added Russian motifs to the compositions. At the end of these compositions he also performanced encores which are very enjoyable. The last piece of the orchestra was the Mavi Tuna Valsi which is written by  Johann Strauss. It is also one of the best waltz compositions. Orchestra performanced this piece very impressive. It made a lasting impression on me because of the harmony of the instruments kept alive the spirit of romance. Attending this concert made me more aware of the variety of style and compositional techniques inherent in classical music. I particularly enjoyed the pieces of orchestra, as they are able to combine the different pieces in an effective manner. Also Andrei Gorbachev was very effective with his balalaika. He created interesting effects with his balalaika and orchestra. At the head of classical music, and the reason I enjoyed this concert so much, was the quality of melodies, orchestra and also pleasant and loveable behaviors of soloists. They were making audience delighted with their sympathetic behaviors. Much of the success of this music hides in the professional representation of the performance. In this respect, Shardad Rohani and the Presidential Symphony Orchestra were able to bring out the spirit of classical music for the spirit of year 2005.

Aisha Rapant Essays (1176 words) - Music, Milk, Milkman, Free Essays

Aisha Rapant Essays (1176 words) - Music, Milk, Milkman, Free Essays Aisha Rapant Essay Song of Solomon Flipped Meanings Darkness represents evil and dishonesty and whiteness represents good, purity and honesty, right? In the novel Song of Solomon , Toni Morris uses her unique style of writing to portray the two colors differently . Within the setting of the story, taking place during the Harlem Renaissance and the Civil Rights movemen t of African Americans, Morris makes clear the racial division of the people throughout the use of symbolism . The name of the protagonists in this novel have interesting names, and when thought about, have an irony to them . Milkman and Guitar are very good friends, but are almost complete opposites . When you think of milk, it's a very simple, white, pure, healthy substance . It pours smooth, and is made to be an important source of vitamins to most people . However, in the story, Milkman is not that . Milkman was a colored boy born into his wealth as a child, and was raised surrounded by money . His father wanted him to join the real-estat e business, and his mother wanted him to go to business school . Within his own personality, he is also very materialistic, self-centered, and close-minded to women, anyone inferior to him, and the division of race . Even though it looks like he must have it going good for himself, he is not content with himself . You could almost call him spiritually dead . Milk will go "wherever the party is", and eventually sets out on a quest for gold because he isn't happy . On the other hand, Guitar is Milkman's mentor . When you think of Guitars, you might see the dark imperfections of the wood, or how loud it is . It takes a while to master such an intricate instrument . In contrast, Guitar grew up in poverty in the South . Because of this setting, Guitar has a keen sense of awareness, and tends to be someone to look up to . "Wise and kind and fearless", he is said to be to Milkman . In fact, you can say that Guitar was the instrument in helping Milkman achieve freedom later in the novel . The characters, themselves, even represent this idea . It is very much prevalent in The Seven Days . This is a formed hate group of black men, including Guitar . The idea of whites killing blacks infuriates them so much that they reciprocate, and punish the white person the same way . To them, the same hateful acts and violence are deemed worse than if a black person initially committed it . It's not the act of violence that is seen as infuriating, it's the fact that it's coming from a white person . This thought of g eneral hatefulness is also seen briefly through Guitar's interactions after the saw mill accident with his father . The mill's white foreman offers the family almost no sympathy or financial support for his loss . Instead of life insurance, the man gave his mother fourth dollars, and what was bought from it was a peppermint stick "'to tide you and them kids over . '" The action of that alone was enough to make Guitar feel sick . There is a general hatred seen towards the man after . Tension often arises between white and colored individuals, but the most evil seems to stem from white individuals . Coming off from the peppermint sick given to Guitar in compensation with his father's death, many items in the story associating white, and dark colors create the sense of diversity and represent the time period . Within the peppermint sick, the colors were described as "bone-white and blood-red" , and in a spiral . This story can go back to the times of Malco m X and Martin Luther King Jr during the racial fight for inequality between colors and blacks . While Martin spread the idea of non-violence, Malcom X condemned the use of violence to gain back the rights of the colored . The red in the candy represents the blood and hardships within this revolution, and the white represents those who tried

Definitions of Whats Ungrammatical in English

Definitions of What's 'Ungrammatical' in English In descriptive grammar, the term ungrammatical refers to an irregular word group or sentence structure that makes little apparent sense because it disregards the syntactic conventions of the language. Contrast with grammaticality. In language studies (and on this website), examples of ungrammatical constructions are usually preceded by asterisks (*). Judgments regarding ungrammatical constructions are often subject to gradience. In prescriptive grammar, ungrammatical may refer to a word group or sentence structure that fails to conform to the proper way of speaking or writing, according to the standards set by some authority. Also called grammatical error. Contrast with correctness. Examples and Observations Designating a sentence as ungrammatical simply means that native speakers tend to avoid the sentence, cringe when they hear it, and judge it as sounding odd. . . .Calling a sentence ungrammatical means that it sounds odd all things being equalthat is, in a neutral context, under its conventional meaning, and with no special circumstances in force.(Steven Pinker, The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window Into Human Nature. Viking, 2007)Sentences . . . are simply the highest-level expressions of a language, and an ungrammatical string is a morpheme sequence which fails to constitute a meaningful expression of any kind.(Michael B. Kac, Grammars and Grammaticality. John Benjamins, 1992) Examples of Grammatical and Ungrammatical Sentences With Reflexive Pronouns Grammatical Ungrammatical(Terri L. Wells, L2 Acquisition of English Binding Domains. Morphology and Its Interfaces in Second Language Knowledge, ed. by Maria-Luise Beck. John Benjamins, 1998) The smart student thinks that the teacher likes himself.The very happy mother said that the girl dresses herself.The young child said that the pretty woman hurt herself.The man in the blue jacket said that the dog bit himself.The crying father said that the younger boy cut himself.The woman thinks that the student does not like herself.The doctor said that the old man shot himself in the foot.The lawyers think that the four policemen shot themselves.*The man thinks the boy does not like that stupid himself.*The woman said that the little girl saw yesterdays herself.*The taxi driver said that the man hit that careless himself.*The girl said that the teacher laughed at that funny herself.*The soldiers know that the generals like todays themselves.*The student said that the athlete hurt that stupid himself.*The mother wrote that the child laughed at that slow herself.*The man said that the boy was angry with the lazy himself. Distinguishing Between Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar The sentence below is a garden-variety English sentence, which is descriptively grammatical to any English speaker . . .. I eat bacon and eggs with ketchup. We can form a question based on this sentence as follows: What do you eat bacon and eggs with? This sentence is descriptively grammatical but violates a prescriptive rule; recall that for some, ending a sentence with a preposition (in this case, with) is prescriptively ungrammatical. But now consider this sentence: I eat bacon and eggs and ketchup. When we try to form a question we get the following: *What do you eat bacon and eggs and? No English speaker would utter this sentence (hence the *), but why not? The source sentences look exactly the same; the only difference is that ketchup follows with in the first sentence, and and in the second. It turns out that with, a preposition, functions quite differently from and, a conjunction, and the distinction between the two is part of our unconscious knowledge of English. Studying this unconscious knowledge, revealed in puzzles like this one, allows us to construct a model, or theory of descriptive grammar, a model that attempts to explain why we quite naturally produce grammatical sentences such as What did you eat your bacon and eggs with? but not ungrammatical ones like What did you eat your bacon and eggs and? (Anne Lobeck and Kristin Denham, Navigating English Grammar: A Guide to Analyzing Real Language. Blackwell, 2014)

A Critical Examination of the Documentary Hypothesis Essay

A Critical Examination of the Documentary Hypothesis - Essay Example This latter view forms the core of the Documentation Hypothesis.The Documentation Hypothesis proposes that the Pentateuch is a composite work consisting of four literary strands. The four strands have been assigned the letters J, E, D, and P; each representing a different document or source that was woven into the fabric of the Bible. This set of assumptions is also known as the Graf-Wellhausen theory. According to this view, the letter "J" stands for the Yahwist ("J" from the German Jahweh) Narrative, coming from the period of the early Jewish monarchy, about 950 B.C. "E" stands for the Elohist Narrative from the region of the Northern Kingdom dating from about 750 B.C. "D" is best represented by the book of Deuteronomy and is said to have originated in the Southern Kingdom about 650 B.C. or later. And finally, "P" is the Priestly Document that comes from the period after the fall of Israel in 587 B.C. According to the theory, the Pentateuch reached its current form around the time of Ezra or about 400 B.C. (Closson)The conservative view holds to Mosaic authorship and treats the books as a literary unit. This does not mean that Moses did not use other documents to write the books. ... This established the first principle of what is now known as the Documentary Hypothesis, the assumption that different divine names must mean different authors or sources. In 1780 Johann Eichhorn applied the idea of two sources to the rest of Genesis, Exodus, and finally to most of the Pentateuch. He gave up on the belief of Mosaic authorship as well. (Closson) In 1805, Wilhem De Wette argued that none of the Pentateuch was written before David. He established the "D" document standing for Deuteronomy, which he believed was written as propaganda to support political and religious unification in Jerusalem during the reign of King Josiah around 621 B.C. The "P" or Priestly Document of the current theory was added by Hermann Hupfeld in 1853. He believed that the E source should be split in two, the later becoming the new P document. The name most associated with the documentary hypothesis is Julius Wellhausen. His publications in the late 1870's argued from a Darwinistic perspective. (Closson) Counter Arguments Against Documentation Hypothesis The following are the defenses against the Documentation Hypothesis. In essence, according to Archer (105-110), the Documentary Hypothesis banished Moses into the illiterate mists of oral tradition. Archer pointed out that in the Hypothesis, the text of the Torah or Pentateuch is used as evidence but consistently evaded whenever it happens to contradict the Hypothesis itself. Further, sarcastically, according to Archer, the documentarians likewise assume that Hebrew authors differ from any other writers known in the history of literature in that they alone were incapable of using more than one name for God; more than one style of writing, no matter what the difference in subject matter is;

The Right Stuff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Right Stuff - Essay Example he story as seen through the eyes of the astronauts and in doing so eloquently illustrates the wide range of emotions and qualities it takes to attain the Right Stuff. By exposing the reader to the world of the astronauts, their families, the danger they faced, and their almost unlimited quiet bravado Wolfe is able to describe and define what is meant by the Right Stuff. The astronauts of the 1960s and 1970s where a study in contrast as Wolfe so aptly portrays them in his book. They were the highest public personas in America during that time. They were sought after and idolized. They were admired for their bravery and respected for their courage. Yet, they were family men with a healthy respect for religion and the values of America. The Right Stuff has often been seen as the ability to look death in the face and not blink, but it was more the ability to keep their head when the world around them had gone insane. The Right Stuff was a brotherhood of men that understood their place in history before the history was written and humbly accepted their place in it. When integrated, these characteristics became what Wolfe referred to as the Right Stuff. The Right Stuff was not the bravado and over-confidence of men doing feats of skill and daring that was right out of science fiction. The Right Stuff was the ability to remain human in the face of these s uperhuman events. Wolfe gives the reader an indication of what the Right Stuff is early in the book. Wolfe writes, "...herein the world was divided into those that had it and those that did not. This quality, this it, was never named, however, nor was it talked about in any way" (24). The Right Stuff was a special personality trait that could not be easily described. Those that had it knew it, and those that did not also knew it. They knew who belonged to each club. It could be readily recognized and noted, but definition was more elusive. The quality is known to exist, but less is known about its substance. The

International Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 2

International Business Management - Essay Example e of this report to be submitted to the Directors of Paltek Company, is to bid for a contract to help Paltek implement its international strategy successfully. The report based on the company’s resources and sector, will identify strategic challenges and market entry options in international markets. Paltek has an annual turnover of  £5 million, employing 70 people to provide specialist circuit boards for business-to-business (B2B) markets including the military and information technology sectors. The components for manufacturing the circuit boards are procured from a number of international markets. The company plans to sell its product on an international scale, and has marketed some of its goods to the United States. Paltek’s new aim is to break into the Nordic markets, because the economies in Northern Europe are highly advanced. Expansion of the company into the European market would prove to be beneficial because of its great numbers of electronic manufacturers and purchasers. In this region Paltek plans to achieve economies of scale by using innovative ideas necessary to remain competitive. Presently offering their products only to United Kingdom customers, Paltek plans to build the design and manufacture facility for niche markets on an international scale. Though procuring supplies of components from Asia, Paltek does not plan to enter the Asian market to sell its products. The company however sees international activities capturing wider markets as the approach to increase the company’s growth. Moreover, another reason for developing the European markets is that Paltek believes that the key to running a successful business is to be in close proximity to the customers. â€Å"For a young, resource-constrained, technology-based start-up embarking on international sales, the choice of entry mode is a strategic decision of major importance† (Burgel & Murray 33). The initial foreign entry behaviour of a young firm can be of major importance in its

Leadership in a Health Organization

Leadership in a Health Organization Introduction The development of existing and future leaders is significant to driving the innovation and change essential to the continuity and sustainability of the healthcare system in Australia. The 2012 publication Leadership for the Sustainability of the Health System released by Health Workforce Australia (HWA) suggests that the â€Å"momentum towards health service redesign must increase, and the workforce reform and innovation necessary to support it must also increase (HWA 2012).† The healthcare system is challenged by diverse and varied complications which limit growth in key areas essential to sustainability. Immense pressure is being applied to the health workforce as Australia’s population ages, the presentation of patients with chronic disease increases, and the expectations of the community become more resolute. Subsequently, new challenges exist such as â€Å"†¦rapidly changing technology; new approaches to training and education; an uneven distribution of the workforce across metropolitan, rural and remote areas; looming shortages in some professions and specialties; entrenched work practices; and constricted professional roles (HWA 2015).† The HWA stated that the â€Å"quality of leadership in the health system directly and indirectly affects the quality of patient care, and is shown to be an important factor supporting best practice (HWA 2012).† Clinical leadership which is effective and progressive is vital in the current Australian setting and in healthcare reform, innovation and change. Whilst many theories exist which emphasise personality, behaviour, context or relationships as key elements impacting the effectiveness of a leader, the Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership propose those which are influential to fostering innovation and supporting the change management process necessary to sustain the Australian healthcare system. Background In a separate publication released by HWA in 2012, the organisation concluded that without nationally coordinated reform Australia is likely to experience workforce limitations in the delivery of high quality health services by the year 2025 (HWA 2012). The National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (NHHRC) have recommended targeted measures for clinical leadership to enable the development of a long-term health reform plan for a modern Australia (NHHRC 2015). Future healthcare systems will develop, implement and foster a leadership strategy which systematically addresses priorities and is supported by leadership practices which achieve organisational goals, adapt to changes, and stand unwavering in the face of uncertainty (Browning, et al., 2011). The current challenge facing the Australian healthcare system is to instil within the current and future workforce the leadership skills necessary to reach the forecasted future. In my experience, I have come to an understanding that individuals promoted, appointed, or recruited into leadership roles require support, encouragement, and development prior to and after commencement in the roll to ensure that they can be as effective as possible. Further, recruiting practices witnessed within the healthcare sector have indicated that often the most clinically proficient individuals (or, subject matter experts) amongst medical professionals are those promoted into leadership roles with less regard placed upon the individual’s ability to self-reflect, their emotional intelligence, their strategic perspective, their ability to inspire others, or other key capabilities characteristic of an effective leader. â€Å"Credibility is the foundation of leadership† (Kouzes et. al, 2007 p. 37) In an environment where individuals are promoted into leadership roles based on clinical expertise as opposed to the individual’s ability to effectively lead, credibility of those in these positions can be an issue perpetuating negative workplace culture and personal attitudes. Leaders within the healthcare system must develop and maintain a level of credibility to be successful. A team of clinicians is influenced significantly by the level of trust and authority awarded to their leader. Susan Oliver (2006) suggests that a consensus of the workgroup is necessary for a leader to inspire and work with those they lead. However, consensus can be difficult to achieve in a climate where trust and authority are absent and the credibility of the leader is in question. Achievement of consensus is possible with Kouzes et. al (2007) posing that admiration is attained from individuals where the person being admired believes strongly in something and are willing to stand up for those beliefs. Admiration begets trust, confidence and respect which are then precursor to consensus. Further, Kouzes et.al (2007) states that persons who aim to become leaders must be persons of principle if they want people to willingly follow them. The principles, values, and ethics that leaders innately possess or adopt will dramatically influence their level of credibility. Consensus would be difficult to achieve in a leadership situation where the incumbent has poor moral values, inconsistent standards, or unclear principles. For leaders to attain consensus and impact change, those they lead must be able to recognise, support, and adhere to the level of authority held by the leader. The level of authority associated to a leader is significantly different to the level of authority associated to a manager. Whilst the same person can occupy these two roles concurrently, there is a vast difference in the connotations of a â€Å"leader† and that of a â€Å"manager†. Maxwell (2011) presents the argument that leadership is a process as opposed to a position. In his work, he continues with stating that management at its best is when things stay the same whilst â€Å"leadership deals with people and their dynamics, which are continually changing† (Maxwell, 2011 p. 10). For managers to be effective leaders they must be honest and be able to do what it is they say they will do (Kouzes et.al. 2007) Kouzes et. al (2007) and Maxwell (2011) indicate in their writings that the credibility of leaders is fundamentally grounded in their behaviour characteristically driven by deeply held beliefs. Leaders must be able to commit to a set of values and function consistently within them to be effective. Ewens (2002) states that clinicians cannot elude the recognition of effective leadership as an important element of the healthcare environment. This critical element within the system is rooted deeply in an institutional need for strong leaders to exist, for them to be able to model desired behaviour, build credibility and â€Å"align actions with shared values.†( Kouzes et. al 2012 p. 96) â€Å"†¦By Imagining what might be possible† (Kouzes et. al, 2012 p. 104) Visionary leaders are needed within healthcare organizations to encourage and nurture employees, establish and maintain relationships, and stimulate multidisciplinary teams. Further key accountabilities are applied as the context, nature, situation, and environment are considered in application of the associated skills attributed to a visionary leader. Future healthcare leader will need to recruit talented individuals who can be developed into visionary leaders who have the potential to foresee and apply innovations and solutions which drive transformational change (Browning et.al 2011). Fostering leadership talent is achieved through diverse methods; however, healthcare organisations should adopt a comprehensive strategy for the sustained retention of potential leaders. Browning et. al (2011) continues to state that â€Å"healthcare organizations need comprehensive strategies for identifying, hiring, developing and retaining leadership talent.† Workforces which are culturally rich employ personnel which foster the established culture with reciprocal benefit. Exploration of personal and individual beliefs, motives, and interests is among the transactional activities undertaken by effective leaders. Those leaders which inspire are those who are able to clearly convey their vision of the future, lead change management processes within organisations, and align the efforts of the workforce with the mission statement of the business. Further, inspirational leaders have the capacity to inspire their constituents into achieving results which are greater than expected (HWA 2012). Challenging Inspirational leaders are faced with challenges just as is the lay manager. â€Å"Clinicians should have an insight into leadership styles and responsibilities in order to gain a deeper understanding of the attributes required of being, or supporting, ‘leaders’ within the organization† (Oliver 2006 p. 39). The Australian healthcare system is faced with challenges driven by the increasing population, aging workforce, and demanding societal expectation. However, how these challenges present in the workplace will be varied and diverse depending upon the local context. Browning et. al, (2011) stated that political, regulatory and marketplace factors drive forces which impact on healthcare reform resulting in uncertainty towards the future healthcare landscape. Change is inevitable in the current climate of technological advances, social networking, and immediate access to information. Effective leaders within the healthcare sector will be able to address the challenges ascribed of change. Further, leaders provide access to knowledge, skills, and the environment where change occurs whilst mitigating risks of the process and learning from unsuccessful attempts (HWA 2012).