The Character Medeas Revenge in Euripides Medea :: Euripides Medea Essays

The Character Medeas punish in Euripides Medea Medea is a tragedy of a woman who feels that her husband has betrayed her with another woman and the jealousy that consumes her. She is the protagonist who arouses kindliness and admiration because of how her desperate situation is. I thought I was going to feel sorry for Medea, but that quickly changed as soon as I saw her true colors. I recognise that her emotions were all oer the step up. First, she was angry, then cold and conniving. The lower she sinks the more terrible revenge she extremitys to reap on Jason.Medeas course of study was set into motion. She has nothing to loose. She is even angrier because she betrayed her get father and her people for him. She even bears the burden of having Pelias killed by his daughters for Jason. She decides to take revenge out on Jasons bride and poisons her. She also doesnt want Jason to take the children from her. She decides to kill them, but agonizes over this decision before killing t hem. Some critics view this as a pathetic attempt at motherhood. I know there is a veritable bond between mother and child. She just wants to hurt Jason as much as she has been hurt. She first secures a place of refuge, and seems almost on the point of bespeaking a new connection. Medea abandoned by the entire world, was still sufficient for herself. (blackmask). There is definitely a reversal of roles in the play. A mans role was to help his friends and handicap his enemies.(users globalnet) Medea offered to help her friend baron Aigeus become childless in exchange for helping her get away. She will pervert anyone who gets in her way. It is the children who bring about this reversal. some other possible theme of Medea may be that at times a punishment of revenge should justify the hatred - no matter how severe. Only a person in such a situation (and greater beings) may know what to action to take in this position.(essayworld)Finally, the play opens with Medeas Nurse indirectly gift background information to the story about to unfold. It is quickly understood by the audience that Jason, the husband of Medea, for whom she disowned her family and had killed for, has left her for the King of Corinth (Creons) daughter - a beautiful princess. Medea is incensed by this and is set on seeking revenge on him.The Character Medeas Revenge in Euripides Medea Euripides Medea EssaysThe Character Medeas Revenge in Euripides Medea Medea is a tragedy of a woman who feels that her husband has betrayed her with another woman and the jealousy that consumes her. She is the protagonist who arouses sympathy and admiration because of how her desperate situation is. I thought I was going to feel sorry for Medea, but that quickly changed as soon as I saw her true colors. I understand that her emotions were all over the place. First, she was angry, then cold and conniving. The lower she sinks the more terrible revenge she wants to reap on Jason.Medeas plan was set into motion. She has nothing to loose. She is even angrier because she betrayed her own father and her people for him. She even bears the burden of having Pelias killed by his daughters for Jason. She decides to take revenge out on Jasons bride and poisons her. She also doesnt want Jason to take the children from her. She decides to kill them, but agonizes over this decision before killing them. Some critics view this as a pathetic attempt at motherhood. I know there is a certain bond between mother and child. She just wants to hurt Jason as much as she has been hurt. She first secures a place of refuge, and seems almost on the point of bespeaking a new connection. Medea abandoned by the entire world, was still sufficient for herself. (blackmask). There is definitely a reversal of roles in the play. A mans role was to help his friends and harm his enemies.(users globalnet) Medea offered to help her friend King Aigeus become childless in exchange for helping her get away. She will harm anyone wh o gets in her way. It is the children who bring about this reversal.Another possible theme of Medea may be that at times a punishment of revenge should justify the crime - no matter how severe. Only a person in such a situation (and greater beings) may know what to action to take in this position.(essayworld)Finally, the play opens with Medeas Nurse indirectly giving background information to the story about to unfold. It is quickly understood by the audience that Jason, the husband of Medea, for whom she disowned her family and had killed for, has left her for the King of Corinth (Creons) daughter - a beautiful princess. Medea is outraged by this and is set on seeking revenge on him.

Legalazation Of Cannabis :: essays research papers

These are some of the reasons that prohibition is a failure. When we realize that prohibition is a failure we can move on to more and better uses of cannabis. Abraham Lincoln once said this famous quote Prohibition get out work great injury to the cause otemperance. ...for it goes beyond the bounds of reasons In that it attempts to control a mans appetite by legislation and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes. A prohibition natural law strikes a blow at the very principles that our government was foded. If you would recall the government trying to prohibit alcohol in the earlier part of this century. abomination soared, criminal organizations became rich. People died or were crippled by unregulated products. Millions of untold tax payers dollars were spent the so called Drug Wars. The results had no effect on the wars and hardly dissipated tax payers money.Foreign drug cartels earning as much as the Gross National Product of some countries, only to send their illegal unregulated products to America. They tried to prohibit their drugs as well, but had the same results.Children killing children with auto-automatic weapons. HIV spreading like a plague. The absurd waste of tax payers dollars on a prohibition that doesnt even work. Our prisons filling up over the edge. Why? For a prohibition of cannabis.Cannabis is one of the single most versatile of import agricultural products next to the soybean. Growing cannabis helps the environment as well. Lady bugs, which we all know helps everything, provide a source of extermination for the bugs that plaguehe cannabis crop. If you are running low on cash and are growing it you can sell it for a pretty penny. Of course you cant until it gets legalized.Medical properties of cannabis are well documented. Just think how many people would benefit if cannabis was readily available for use. Why criminalize, or crop access to find relief from suffering. Cannabis can ease the pain and sometimes take it ay. Why cr iminals for use as medicine?Now you will hear some peoples thoughts of why cannabis should not be legalized. Many of the people that want it to stay illegal are mothers of people under the hop on of 18. In fact 66 percent of those mothers want it to stay illegal. Most say cannabis smoked for fun or because of addiction. People kill for it and people kill each other for money for it.

The Criminalization of Knowingly Transmitting AIDS :: Health Medicine

Table of ContentsBrief history of back up and the criminalization of wittingly transmitting it.......................................3Interviews concerning the issue............................4Reasons for the criminalization of knowingly transmitting AIDS..................................................5Reasons against the criminalization of knowingly transmitting AIDS.....................................7My position and conclusion.................................8Brief History of AIDS and the Criminalization of Knowingly Transmitting It Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human beingImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The virus was discoverd independently inFrance in 1983 and in the United States in 1984. In the United States, itwas initially identified in 1981. In 1986, a second virus, now called HIV-2, was also discovered in Africa. HIV-2 also causes AIDS. AIDS is transmitted in three ways From sexual contact withoutprotection, from the mixing of ones subscriber line with infected blood, and from aninfected pregnant woman to her fetus. Infection can occur from bloodtransfusions of infected blood, or sharing dirty needles. (Needlesalready used, in this case, by a HIV positive person.) The criminalization of intentionally spreading AIDS has been a bigissue recently, and still remains so. As of September, 1991, legislationcriminalizing AIDS transmittance has been passed in 24 states. Among thesestates are California, Idaho, Ohio, Missouri, knot, and South Carolina.Under these current laws, it is a crime to knowingly transmit the virusthrough sex, sharing needles, donating infected blood, organs, or skintissue. The first person to go to court under these laws in Michigan wasJeffrey Hanlon. Hanlon was a gay man who infected another man fromMichigan while he was in New York. The American Civil Liberties Union, whoagreed to take the case, agrued that the AIDS disclosure law isunconstitutional. Privacy of t hose with AIDS is what they were worriedabout. Opponents argued that theyre those with AIDS killing people.Its like rape. The maximum sentence Hanlon could have recieved was fouryears in prison and a $2000 fine. In addition, under the current New York State law, which dates lynchpinwell before June, 1987, the knowing transmission of a venerial disease is afelony. However, at that time, and currently, AIDS was not classified as avenerial disease.Interviews Concerning the Issue some people believe that the willful transmission of AIDS to others itvirtually murder. I have interviewed **name** and **name**. Both of themfeel that intentionally passing AIDS on to another person is murder.

Renewable Power Policy and Hydroelectric Dams Essay -- Environment Exp

Renewable Power Policy and Hydroelectric Dams There has been much(prenominal) controversy over changes in the environment due to the placement of hydroelectric dams, and also due to the pollution caused by other power plants which use non-renewable sources of energy. The arguments which strike from certain groups against both sides seem rather strange. The purpose of this paper is to explore the environmental and other effects from both energy sources, and the arguments which are presented by dissimilar groups who lobby for and against the two sources of power. It appears in many opinions a group will only access one issue, actually separating two topics which go hand in hand. The concentrate for examples in this paper with mainly rely on the southwest, and the case presented by the sierra club, which is one of the largest environmentalist lobbying organizations in the United States. A deeper focus will lie in the kibibyte canyon, where there are now 11 dams in p lace. These dams in the Grand Canyon have been placed for a few reasons the Colorado River Restoration Project, which is made to help maintain the steady flow of water through the canyon, as well as to maintain and reinforced fish and wildlife habitat a supply of hydroelectric power, which is a renewable energy source to power the southwest water reservoirs for surrounding communities in the Grand Canyon area and also for recreation areas on the lakes and reservoirs which have been created by the existence of the dams. The attacks on these programs are focused into three areas environment, culture and recreation. Supporters of reservoir draining are fighting for what they call a dying ecosystem from the flooding of large areas and the destruction of much fi... ...notes.pdfFranklin, Chris Let the Colorado River run free Earth Island journal Spring 97 23.Glen Canyon Just Drain It Earth Island Journal, Autumn 2000 24.McManus, Reed Down Come the Dams Sierra Mau/June 98 16. Ostapuk, Paul. Exposing Sierra Club and Glen Canyon Institute Myths. May, 1997. Appreciating Lake Powell. 09 Nov. 2003. Siddall, Scott. Current Controversy Draining Lake Powell. 26 Mar. 2002. Kenyon College. 09 Nov. 2003. Smith, Dean. Homework 4 Economics 284. Fall, 2003Unemployment Rate Drops to 6%. Arizona Daily Sun 08 Nov. 2003 A1Wilke, Anne W. Should Lake Powell be all in(p)? E Magazine The Environmental Magazine Jan/Feb9819.Zengerle, Jason Water over the damn New Republic 24 Nov. 97 20.

Egoist and Utilitarian Responses to Terrorism :: Egoist, Utilitarian

Terrorism was not a dormant issue in the media until the attacks on the USA. The organised use of violence to rate non-combatants for policy-making purposes, is one of the most effective ways to gain media attention. Mainly used by extremist groups in the hopes of gaining recognition for their religious or political cause. Several attacks on the US have recently make headlines The attack on the USS Cole (October 12, 2000), US Embassy bombings in Kenya + Tanzania (August 7, 1998), Oklahoma City bombing (April 19, 1995) , the gentleman Trade Centre bombing on February 27 1993 and finally the World Trade Centre bombing on September 11, 2001. . There were overt threats made to the US government regarding these attacks but most were dismissed as hoaxes. What we need to recognize about terrorism is its message. Attacks are usually perfectly planned and precise. In the attack on the WTC and pentagon, thousands of innocent people died when the Al-Quaida flew 3 passenger aircraft into bo th towers and crashed one into the pentagon, the USAs best-guarded facility. Hopefully these deaths were not in vein, straightway other countries have joined George Bush in the war against terrorism and are launching repeated strikes on Afghanistan (the Al-Quaidas supposed base.) They hope that these attacks exit prevent any further events from happening. These attacks have in my view displayed that the Taliban can control the US economy and hit any target they wish, no consequence how well guarded it is. Perhaps America should have been more cautious and handled the threats more carefully. Maybe they were being too proud and this is why the Taliban believe it is excusable to kill innocents, or they chose to attack now because America was just feeling safe. Whatever the reason, we will never know. In 2002, the world changed forever. Anthrax, a biological sleeve was released into the postal system and a commercial aircraft was turned into a 1000 tonne missile. War will have a ne w face, it will not be against an enemy firing projectiles, but instead, an invisible, deadly network of shadows attacking miscellaneous targets in random locations. This is why if we dont act cursorily the world could be cast into turmoil. So how do other people feel about this topic?This is how I think an Egoist would feel. The word egocentric means that you are only concerned with things that may affect you in the long run.

Social Influence Research - Do the Ends Justify the Means? Essay

Social Influence Research - Do the Ends Justify the Means? To what extent does the importance of social influence research, justify the methods utilise in its investigation? The debate about ethics in psychology focuses on two areas protection of participants and benefiting society. This is a double obligation dilemma as if some psychologists are non allowed to do certain experiments because of ethical restraints this can cause problems with inclemency. In social psychology, these psychologists pick up an obligation to use their research skills to feeler our knowledge of human behaviour, for the ultimate aim of human betterment. Milgrams study into obedience involved participants becoming a teacher and applying an electric shock to the apprentice (who was a confederate) when they answered a word association question incorrectly. The participant was not aware that the shocks they administered were false and some believed they may have killed a man. In this obiter dictum therefore, the code of conduct and ethical guidelines published by the British Psychological Society (BPS) and the Statesn Psychological Society (APS) in 1993 were broken in more(prenominal) than one way. The participants right to withdraw was disabled as the prods given by the experimenter (such as please continue etc) made the participants feel that they had no choice moreover to continue. The were also involved in deception as they thought they had administered real shocks and were not informed of the confederate being present. This study, however, was conducted in the 1950s and the ethical guidelines were not in position and therefore this study may be published in modern day t... ...very case. For example, there was only one prisoner who attempt to resist and went on a hunger strike. When he was put into solitary confinement the others were allowed to release him by means of giving up their blankets. They refused. They saw they event as every man for themselves. Another benefit to society was also the impression this experiment left on the prison system in America at the time, and some aspects of this were changed as a result. Therefore in conclusion, in these two experiments alone, the unethical methods used can be justified as they have helped to profit humanity by providing insight into how humans behave when put into certain social situations. Without these ethical guidelines being broken, both experiments would have lacked ecological validity and the results would not be legitimate.

Social Influence Research - Do the Ends Justify the Means? Essay

Social Influence Research - Do the Ends Justify the Means? To what extent does the importance of accessible influence research, justify the methods used in its investigation? The debate about ethics in psychology focuses on two areas protection of participants and benefiting society. This is a twice cartel dilemma as if some psychologists are not allowed to do certain experiments because of ethical restraints this can cause problems with validity. In social psychology, these psychologists cook an obligation to use their research skills to advance our knowledge of human behaviour, for the ultimate aim of human betterment. Milgrams study into obedience involved participants becoming a instructor and applying an electric shock to the learner (who was a confederate) when they answered a word association question incorrectly. The participant was not aware that the shocks they administered were false and some believed they may have killed a man. In this i nstance therefore, the code of conduct and ethical guidelines published by the British Psychological Society (BPS) and American Psychological Society (APS) in 1993 were broken in more than one way. The participants right to withdraw was disabled as the prods given by the experimenter (such as please continue etc) made the participants have that they had no choice but to continue. The were also involved in deception as they thought they had administered real shocks and were not informed of the confederate being present. This study, however, was conducted in the 1950s and the ethical guidelines were not in position and therefore this study may be published in modern day t... ...very case. For example, there was besides one prisoner who tried to resist and went on a hunger strike. When he was put into solitary confinement the others were allowed to release him by means of bountiful up their blankets. They refused. They saw they situation as every man fo r themselves. Another benefit to society was also the impression this experiment left on the prison system in America at the time, and some aspects of this were changed as a result. Therefore in conclusion, in these two experiments alone, the unethical methods used can be justified as they have helped to profit humanity by providing insight into how humans behave when put into certain social situations. Without these ethical guidelines being broken, both experiments would have lacked ecological validity and the results would not be legitimate.

Alumni Tracer System

The Alumni tracer is a System that even they are far from the indoctrinates, the schools can croak with the graduate students and to know more about their experiences and their careers after finished their studies. Technology is a tool and method employ in solving problems and to make the create easier. In our modern generation, almost everything around us is made-up of technology and the most developed gadget in our generation is the computer wherein almost everyone necessarily it.Students, Teacher, or even a simple user can do anything they want in computers. It can make to help us to make our lay down easier and faster. Every schools-universities or institutions are exploitation computers. Some of schools wants to remember all those person who have been part of their society, thats why they want to know if the students from their school has a capability to compete their knowledge or skills to everyone and they want to know more about the students who are already graduated.C ollege has always placed great strain on the importance of maintaining a close rapport with its alumni. In order to build and enhance the alumni network, the Alumni Affairs Office was established to act as an intermediary platform in bridging the gap between the College and its vast alumni members. It actively plays its role in maintaining a good relationship between the alumni and College as well as extending dynamic network between alumni from various School of Studies.The Alumni Affairs Office also plays an integral part in organizing various homecomings, thus effectively retentiveness the communication channel between the College and its alumni open, providing countless opportunities for its alumni in strengthening its networking ties and forging an everlasting bond of fellowship. Thus the researchers came up with an idea of creating an online alumni tracer.The Alumni Tracer is being used by several schools to conduct significant feedback, to reconnect graduates to their alma mater and to know the demographic profile of the employment record of the respondents. Several schools in the Philippines nowadays have been using it and integrate it through their official websites and/or alumni associations page.

Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Analysis Essay

Geert Hofstede is a social psycologist, originally from the Netherlands. Hofstede is well known globally for his revolutionary research of multicultural organisations and groups. Perhaps his most significant wee was developing the theory of cultural places. There are 5 dimensions that Hofstede explains in his framework- these are Power distance index (PDI), Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV), maleness versus Femininity (MAS), Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), and Long term Orientation versus Short term normative orientation (LTO). Power distance index is the dimension in which a alliance can understand and accept inequalities that occur in their culture. It is all about the less dominant members of that culture understanding that imbalances politically, financially and racially for example, occur in their world- and the key replication Hofstede focuses on is how these disparities are handles. For a country to yield a large degree of PDI, then the throng must recognise tha t these inequalities will occur and accept a hierarchical order.Therefore societies with a impoverished PDI, make e rattling effort to rid of the differences in status or importance and strive to level the distribution of, for example, wealth or power. The example that Hofstede recently gave to illustrate the impact of PDI is the reaction of Chinese political science to the fact that a Chinese author won the Nobel Prize for peace, explaining that he is a man that the western part of the world would only perceive as a good, virtuous winner of the prize. Due to the authorities reaction he describes them as feeling threatened by the possible share of power, therefore beingness a place of high PDI. The second dimension that Hofstede describes is Individualism. This can be explained as a preference of a society that only believes they need to imagine after themselves and their immediate family. The flipside of this, which Hofstede refers to as Collectivism, represents a preference for a tightly-knit framework in society in which individuals can expect their relatives or members of a feature in-group to look after them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. A societys position on this dimension is reflected in whether peoples self-image is defined in terms of I or we. The next aspect of his framework is the Masculinity versus Femininity factor.The masculinity feature is where society in whole is very competitive. It is about achievement, success, and prevailing more than than others and gaining material rewards for success. The opposite of this that is illustrated is femininity,which is a society which is more focused on cooperating, caring for the weak and the general concern for prize of life. In the business context Masculinity versus Femininity is sometimes also related to as tough versus gender cultures. The fourth point that Hofstede portrays in his work is Uncertainty avoidance index. This is explained as being the degree to which the members of a soci ety feel uncomfort open with doubt and ambiguity. Hofstede explains the key issue here is how a society can deal with or accept the uncertainty of the afterlife and how it cannot be known- it is a question of whether society attempts to control what will happen in the future or just simply let it happen.A country with a low uncertainty avoidance index is the latter the part of society with more of a laid back and relaxed approach to how the future develops, whereas a country with strong UAI has firm beliefs on codes of conduct and behaviour, in order to be able to influence the future as much as possible. The final dimension that Hofstede uses is the Long term orientation versus short term normative orientation. Societies who score low on this dimension, for example, prefer to maintain time-honoured traditions and norms while viewing societal change with suspicion. Those with a culture which scores high, on the other hand, take a more pragmatic approach they encourage thrift and ef forts in modern education as a way to prepare for the future.To conclude this exploration of Geert Hofstedes framework, I believe that all of the points he makes and focuses on are relevant in societies internationally, regardless of specific cultures. For example, the Power Distance index dimension is an issue that occurs all over the globe. There are individuals in every society that commit superior power to others, be it financially, politically or just have a greater status in the social order. However the acceptance of these issues can vary from country to country. For example, I would say that North Korea have a very high PDI, as they are governed by a dictatorship where certain individuals have enormous power over the rest of society, and they just abridge along with it and accept that fact. However in more democratic states i.e. the UK and the USA the PDI is much lower as society believes much more in equality.

Primitivism Essay

Why is the art of primitive pecks not considered art at all? (Nolde, E. 1934). This art of primitive peoples that Emil Nolde refers to is something that is truly appealing to m either artists and offers a colossal source of inspiration for their whole shebang. Artists such(prenominal) as Paul Gauguin and Emil Nolde both draw inspiration from these primitive forms of art and borrow different aspects in order to perplex closer to nature and return to a more pure and expressionistic form of art.Paul Gauguin is said to have al shipway felt like an other, a primitive and therefore in his later eld set step forward in search of a pure society that was close to nature and disengage from the corruption of civilisation. Gauguin is traditionally cast as the founding father of modernist primitivism. (Solomon-Godeau, A. 1989. pp314) His legion(predicate) works explore and express his desire to find authenticity and to become a savage. Similar to Gauguin, Emil Nolde seeks to return to a oneness with nature, in an attempt to bridge Germans past with its future.Using traditional German forms of art such as folk art and craft and combining this with that of modern images, using loose brushstrokes to create an earthy and natural feel to his works. Nolde was a part of the German Expressionism movement which sought to unshackle their civilisation and return to nature and freedom. Primitive peoples create their works with the material itself in the artists hand, held in his fingers. (Nolde, 1934) This statement by Nolde explores tactility and the idea of the power of expression in such simple forms, which is what Nolde explains to be a contributing factor as to why artists argon so drawn to the works of the primitive peoples. These simple, natural works are intense in their expression of power and meaning thus providing artist such as Nolde and Gauguin with inspiration and direction for their works, showing them how to create simple yet expressive works of art that are mo ving and captivating to the viewer.Emil Nolde, In the paintings by which he is best known, primitive figure types are used to evoke emotional and religious themes. (Harrison, C & Wood, P. 1992. ) Emil Noldes works such as Dance round the Golden Calf (1910) and St Mary of Egypt (1912) show this expressive form of painting, with loose brushstrokes and wide use of colour creating a genuinely rhythmic and sensuous painting. These works are representative of Noldes move to a oneness with nature as it can be seen that the expression and movement within Dance just about the Golden Calf is very natural and flows. St Mary of Egypt uses a wide melt of colour and loose brushstrokes to create an incredibly expressive and bold artwork. It is straighten out to see that Emil Nolde is influenced by the works of primitive peoples as his works are simple yet largely expressive and moving in their aesthetics. Emil Nolde was seen to be very political in his time and was very outspoken with his id eals of art. He attacked the scientific approach to tribal art that ignores its aesthetic potential.While Coptic, Early Christian, Greek terracottas and vases, Persian and Moslem art have been admitted to the canons of high art, he complains, Chinese and Japanese art are still classified under ethnography and primitive art is ignore altogether(Lloyd, J. 1985. pp. 46) This statement shows that the art of primitive people was yet to be considered art by the society at that time, therefore by such wholesome known artists as Emil Nolde and Paul Gauguin using non-European cultures as inspiration for their works would have lead to the change in attitudes towards the art of the primitive peoples.Perhaps informing people of its true artistic qualities and lending society to the idea that primitive art should indeed be considered art. Nolde was very political in his manners and rejected any mixing of races, in art as well as in life. The Roman Empire, he tells us, neer produced art of re al value since it was an amalgam of nations. To this extraordinary statement he adds the following observation England in many respects to be compared with the Roman Empire like all Germanic people at a time had great art, poetry, and wonderful music.But after the immigration of Spanish Jews the country became materialistic, concerned only with power and possessions. Its interests spanned the whole world and went all directions, and what remains now is a nation al nearly impotent in the arts. (Ettlinger, L. 1968. pp. 200) Although these were his views and opinions, Nolde was still heavily influenced by non-European cultures weaving many references to these cultures throughout his works.Paul Gauguin, like Emil Nolde, used a vast range of colours and wove a flowing feel throughout his works symbolic of the freedom and natural qualities found amongst these non-European cultures they so highly treasured. The Polynesian titles he gave most of his Tahitian works were intended to repr esent himself to his European market, as well as his friends, as one who had wholly assimilated the native culture.In fact, and despite his lengthy residence, Gauguin never learned to speak the language, and most of his titles were either colonial pidgin or grammatically incorrect. (Godeau. pp. 325) This statement by Solomon-Godeau shows that although Paul Gauguin has set out to return to his primitive ways and become a savage, he was still programmed to thinking like that of someone from the bourgeois society, unable to fully comprehend the traditions and culture of these primitive people.Gauguins works such as Two Women on a brim (1891) and Merahi metua no Tehamana (Tehamana Has Many Ancestors) (1893) both explore this natural and pure lifestyle that Gauguin classify to find amongst the Tahitians, whilst also juxtaposing the French impression of their culture and their influence with the use of the European clothes that these women wear. Within the work Two Women on a Beach Gau guins use of loose, free brushstrokes emphasises the fact that the women are close to nature, they look as though they are carved out of wood.However, these women are also seen to be out of place in their environment as their stances seem somewhat awkward and uncomfortable and the image has been cropped making it feel as though they usurpt fit in the image. Both are seen to be wearing missionary dresses/European clothes and are weaving, representing the Frenchs view of the Tahitian women, lazy, close to nature and savage. Gauguins work Tehamana Has Many Ancestors, similar to that of Two Women on a Beach, depicts a girl (Tehamana) seated wearing European clothes, holding a woven fan with flowers threaded throughout her hair.Tehamana, like the women in Two Women on a Beach, also seems somewhat out of place and as though she does not fit within this image. The references to her savage lineage, through the use of the paintings on the wall behind her and the petrogliphs reinforces the f act that like many other Tahitians, Tehamana had no relation to her former traditions. (Godeau. pp. 326) The images of Tahitian women wearing European clothing emphasises and makes reference to the Catholic, Mormon and Calvinist missionaries that had been at work inTahiti for many years before Gauguin had travelled over to Tahiti. The authenticity that Gauguin had set out to discover had diminished, therefore Gauguin did not paint Tahiti, but his Tahitian dream. (Staszak, J. 2004. pp. 353) These images highlighted the fact that the Tahitians pre-European culture had been effectively destroyed. (Godeau. pp. 324) Not only had the indigenous religion been eradicated, but the handicrafts, barkcloth production, art of tattoo and music had equally succumbed to the interdiction of the missionaries or the penetration of European Products.The bright-coloured cloth used for clothing, bedding and curtains that Gauguin depicted was of European design and manufacture. (Godeau. pp. 324) Paul Gauguin, Emil Nolde and many artists alike have been vastly influenced by the works of primitive peoples, espousal certain aspects of their culture and art in order to gain inspiration for their own works and expand their expressive capabilities within their art works.The fact that these artists are well known for their works relating to the primitive that have drawn inspiration from non-European, savage cultures emphasises this notion that indeed art by primitive peoples should be considered a true art form. Reference List Ettlinger, L. D. German Expressionism and Primitive Art, The Burlington Magazine Vol. 110 No. 781 (1968) pp. 200, accessed May 8, 2012. http//www. jstor. org. wwwproxy0. library. unsw. edu. au/stable/pdfplus/875584. pdf? acceptTC=true Lloyd, J. Emil Noldes Still Lifes, 1911-1912 Modernism, Myth, and Gesture, Anthropology and esthetics No. (1985) pp. 46, accessed May 8, 2012. http//www. jstor. org. wwwproxy0. library. unsw. edu. au/stable/pdfplus/20166722. pdf Har rison, C. , Wood, P. Eds. , Emil Nolde On Primitive Art, Art in Theory 1900-1990, 1992. Solomon-Godeau, A. Paul Gauguin and the Invention of Primitivist Modernism, Art in America, July 1989. (pp. 314,325,326,342) Staszak, J. F. primitivism and the other. History of art and cultural geography, GeoJournal Vol. 60 No. 4 (2004) pp. 353, accessed May 8, 2012. http//www. jstor. org. wwwproxy0. library. unsw. edu. au/stable/pdfplus/41147901. pd

The Role Of Discretionary Fund Management Accounting Essay

The topic of discretional Fund anxiety for IFAs divides sentiment. Some see it as an indispensable tool in supplying an holistic attend to to leaf nodes. Others see it as an surplus and potentially dearly-won craze. As usual, the truth lies someplace between these two extremes. Used right, a However, there be legion considerations etcThis usher pull up stakes explicate what DFM is and the underlying considerations. Most signifi groundworktly, it bequeath assist you to place whether discretionary Fund Management elicit profit your invitees, and the stairss that should be taken to set in topographic point an levelheaded DFM service.ROLE OF DISCRETIONARY FUND MANAGEMENTDiscretionary Fund Management involves deputing the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours investing determinations to a professional investing director, commonly referred to as a Discretionary Manager . The Discretionary Manager will distinguish in pull offing investing portfolios, and the purpose is tha t they will possess a higher degree of intelligence and experience than a general pecuniary advisor. The Discretionary Manager will take duty pull offing the client s portfolio, and does non necessitate to obtain blessing for the client for single determinations. They will alternatively utilize their expertness to run into the client s aims, which will be agreed at the beginning.While the advisor and client will keep up regular contact with the Discretionary Manager, for the agreement to work efficaciously it is indispensable that the Discretionary Manaher is given liberties over twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours determination devising. The advisor s function is still an of import 1, as the Manager will be working towards run intoing whatever wants and needs the advisor has agreed with the client. It is besides vituperative to emphasize that while the activity may be delegated, the advisor cigaret non depute regulative duty for run intoing the client s shoots.Economic ba ckground?RULES AND REGULATIONWhile it butt end non be credited with kickstarting the enjoyment of Discretionary Managemtn by IFAs, the Retail Distribution Review ( RDR ) has brought the ( issue to the forefront.. ) , peculiarly in the runup to the RDR deadline ( 31st December 2012 ) . One of the key alterations brought by the RDR is that it will widen the scope of merchandises that an Independent Financial Adviser must see within client portfolios, which for many will necessitate increased expertness and more robust procedures for research and due constancy. As a consequence, increasing Numberss of IFAs are looking towards Discretionary Fund Management to help them with run intoing their regulative duties.ResourceWageExpertnessHowever, advisors need to be cognizant that neglecting to utilize Discretionary Directors right could chase in them transgressing regulative regulations, instead than helping them. Recent counsel from the FSA stated that houses would necessitate to see a broad scope of investing solutions in the grocery store before urging a Discretionary investing service. & lt analyse paper and cardinal findings & gt FSA CIP paperThis counsel from the regulator underlines the importance of robust due diligence before come ining into a discretional agreement, and besides highlights their c erstwhilerns with clients potentially being shoe-horned into unsuitable agreements.TaxThe cardinal tax income sweetener consideration with discretional storage agreements is that for each dealing within a Disretionary portfolio, a possible Capital Additions Tax ( CGT ) liability arises. Each sale is treated as a temperament for CGT intents, and any addition on that sale is added to the sum of the client s nonexempt additions in that receipts sweetening twelvemonth. Any losingss on gross tax incomes kitty be offset against additions, and any additions in a higher place the client s one-year freedom ( ?10,600 for 2012/13 ) are taxed at either 18 % or 28 % , depending on the client s entire nonexempt income.It is the duty of the advisor and the client to guarantee that these additions are documented on the client s one-year self-assessment. This means that the Discretionary director will necessitate to be familiar with the client s tax enhancement personal businesss to avoid making unneeded liabilities. The FSA have besides make it clear that they expect revenue enhancement to be taken into history when measuring the suitableness of any investing solutionsThis once more highlights the demand for the advisor to place the client s fortunes and ends to outset, and for there to be a clear definition of duties between client, advisor and Discretionary Manager. some other possible complication is that the European Court of Justice has late recommended that all elements of discretional direction run should be capable to VAT. While the full deductions of this testimonial are yet to be clear, this is something that all advisors will ne cessitate to maintain an oculus on traveling frontward.Appropriate Tax WRAPPERS/PLATFORMSAs revenue enhancement is an of import factor to see, the pick of revenue enhancement negligees and platforms utilize to ease Discretionary Management is highly of import. We will supply an overview of the most common be unhopeful. This is non an perfect(a) list, but is intended to cover the most common negligees easy.ISA Individual Savings Accounts are available to all UK occupants aged 18 and over ( although cash-only ISAs are available to occupants 16 and over ) . The ISA acts as a negligee , within which all additions are free from income and capital additions revenue enhancement. As discetionaryu minutess can incur a CGT liability, ISAs are a potentially valuable tool to minimise revenue enhancement liabilities.The chief drawback with ISAs is that one-year parts bounds are comparatively low ( ?11,280 for 2012/13 ) , and it can take many old ages to construct up the size of portfolio w here Discretionary Management is apparent to be most effectual. However, a cardinal portion of sound pecuniary advice is that clients should maximize their one-year ISA parts whenever possible.SIPP Another common revenue enhancement negligee for DFM is the SIPP ( Self-Invested personalised Pension ) . SIPPs are a specific type of Personal Pension, and portion the common features as belowContributions Contributions upto ?50,000 per input period ( revenue enhancement twelvemonth for most persons ) receive income revenue enhancement alleviation. This is known as the Annual Allowance threshold.Tax Relief Contributions receive full revenue enhancement alleviation upto the client s highest fringy rate. For illustration, a higher rate taxpayer will have revenue enhancement alleviation of 40 % on all parts paid into a Personal Pension.Eligibility Clients must be UK occupant and under the age of 75 to put up a Personal Pension Plan and obtain revenue enhancement alleviation on parts .Personal Pensions enable the client to do better-looking parts, which will turn in a tax-efficient environment. The major disadvantage is that under bounty legilsation benefits can non by and large be accessed until age 55, and even at this point there are limitations on how benefits can be taken. Typically a client will buy an rente ( income for life ) with their pension fund, or pull down financess from the strategy within authorities bounds. While pension financess these yearss are used for an increasing assortment of intents, it is of import to emphasize that for most clients the cardinal intent is to supply for an income in retirement.SIPPs differ from formal Personal Pensions in that they cease a greater scope of investings to be held, giving more freedom to do investing determinations. This flexibleness lends itself to DFM services, as the specializer fund director canThe downside is that chargesIt is of import to set up whether the SIPP will let DFM, and what the costs of this will be. These costs should be factored in when measuring whether DFM services are appropriate for the client.usage SIPP instance surveyOffshore INVESTMENT Chemical bondInvesting Chemical bonds are corporate investings written under Life Insurance jurisprudence law. The regulations may at first glimpse appear esoteric, but a house apprehension is required to place their possible usage for Dicretionary Fund Manahement and fiscal planning in general. A thorough analysis of enthronement Bonds is beyond the range of this article, but a brief overview will follow.The Life Insurance is normally nominal, with the huge bulk of the investing applied to the financess held within. The investing financess are capable to life company revenue enhancement on income and capital additions, with no farther liability for the investor. Offshore bonds ( typically based in revenue enhancement oasiss such as the Isle of Man or Jersey ) differ from conventional onshore bonds in that investing re turns can are rolled-up without farther revenue enhancement, which enables investings to be switched without incurring a CGT liability. Tax is basically deferred until enchashment.This construction offers possible advantages for DFM, as switches can be made without CGT being an issue. Clients utislising a DFM service are likely to be higher rate revenue enhancement remunerators due to the big amounts typically involved, and it is possible to postpone encashment to a point where they are no longer higher rate revenue enhancement remunerators, cut drink down the overall revenue enhancement payable.Offshore Chemical bonds do non hold the little part bounds of ISAs, and there is greater flexibleness than a SIPP over how and when benefits can be taken. As a consequence, they are normally used in Discretionary Fund Management. However, it is of import to emphasize that they do non keep the same revenue enhancement advantages. A common misconception is that Offshore Bonds are tax-exempt , but the financess are taxed within the bond, and there may be a farther revenue enhancement liability at encashment. They are besides well more complex, and must be used carefully to optimise revenue enhancement efficiency. broadcastOver recent old ages, Platforms are going an progressively common tool in IFA services. Platforms are described by the FSA Internet based services used by mediators ( and sometimes clients ) to position and administer investings. They tend to offer a scope of tools which allow advisors to see and analyze a client s overall portfolio, and to take merchandises for them.Equally good as set uping minutess, platforms by and large arrange detention for clients assets Wrap is the term typically used to suck a type of platform that offers entree to a broad scope of investings, with an unbundled bear downing system where payments to fund directors and advisors are crystalline. They besides provide unuttered currency direction installations, and enabl e all investings to be held in one topographic point, cutting down on paperwork and easing the administrative load.In the scene of DFM, there is a possible struggle as both the platform and DFM will necessitate detention of the assets held, and this ab initio created barriers to the two services being used together. It is going more platitude for DFMs and Wrap suppliers to work together, and at that place will frequently be a list of DFMs available via the Wrap.An advantage of utilizing DFM via a wrap is that the advisor can keep sight and a degree of control over the assets held, and it is besides possible to choose which portion of the portfolio the DFM has entree to. This can do it easier to see how the financess under discretional direction tantrum into the overall image for the client.The obvious disadvantage is that the wrap adds other bed of bear downing to the service. This once more steers the service towards higher cyberspace worth clients, and emphasises the demand to p lace clients for whom discretional direction AND wrap disposal are an indispensable demand instead than an expensive luxury.ADVANTAGES OF DFMAdvocates of DFM point to several benefits from IFAs in utilizing this service.Improved Investment Performance although this can non be guaranteed, the increased investing expertness and specializer cognition of the discretional director should hopefully take to overall greater investing returnsFrees up clip and resource a common ailment from IFAs is that they spread themselves overly thin. The clip and resource they would otherwise hold spent on twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours montoring of investings can in theory be put to more effectual usage in other countries. The obvious illustration is that it allows the advisor to pass more clip with the client, constructing relationships and looking at a holistic image of their fortunes and aims. speeding As the DFM is able to move without the client s consent, they can respond more rapidly to altering fortunes, and take advantage of new chances that arise.Reduced Investment Risk The DFM s greater cognition and deepness of research should enable the building of a more diversified portfolio, which can cut down the preserve of investing volatility.DISADVANTAGES OF DFMOn the other side of the coin, critics of DFM cite a figure of hazards and drawbacks to utilizing a DFM serviceFees and charges Discretionary direction services do non come cheaply, and it adds another bed of payments that the client must run into, either from their fund or their ain pocket. In order for the service to be of value to the client, the DFM must repay these extra charges through improved investing public presentation. Many argue that the existent benefit provided by DFMs is limited.Impact on Adviser/Client consanguinity DFM involves a 3rd party taking twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours investing determinations on behalf of the client. For many clients, this raises the inquiry of what t he fiscal advisor is making to warrant THEIR fees. Unless the client sees the value of the advisor s function, this can hold a negative consequence on the client s relationship with the advisor.Lack of Control The DFM will hold authorization to do determinations without confer withing the advisor. There is the hazard that the DFM will non pull off the investings in the manner the advisor and client expected, particularly if the master key footings of the understanding and the client s aims were obscure. To battle against this, the advisor will necessitate to supervise the activities of the DFM. The enticement could be for the advisor to pass valuable clip observance what the DFM is making, particularly if the advisor does non hold full assurance in the DFM.Regulatory duty As has been stressed antecedently, the advisor is still responsible for the overall service being provided to the client. A hapless DFM non merely reflects severely on the advisor it can set down the advisor i n hot H2O with the FSA firebird COMPONENTS OF A DISCRETIONARY MANAGEMENT SERVICETherefore far we have explained the function of the DFM, the relevant regulations and ordinance, and distribution channels for DFM services such as revenue enhancement negligees and platforms. We have besides provided what are considered to be the most common advantages and disadvantages in a DFM service.We will now concentrate on the stairss that should be takenClient CleavageCentral to the service being provided is the client. Discretionary Fund Manahement services are unoikely to be of value to clients who do non necessitate them, and alternatively do jobs. Besides, the advisor runs the hazard of falling foul of the regulator if clients are non provided with suited solutions to their demands. The FSA identified that shoe-horning of unsuitable clients into DFM agreements was s important concern, and highlighted thatSize of Fund As the Discretionary Manager will incur charges, it is improbable to be s uited for clients with financess of less ?100,000 to putControl With a discretional service determinations will be made without the client s blessingEngagement How frequently does the client want to be involved twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours etcTrust Is the client willing to grow control to another professional. Inserts another person into the client/adviser relationshipAims What is the client looking to accomplish with their investings? Clients with more conservative ends are less likely to be suited for a DFM service.Due DiligenceDegree of DiscretionInvesting VehiclesClient MeetingsGoalsReportingChargesWageDocumentationReview Even if the above stairss have been completed, there is no warrant that the agreement will be successful.CASE STUDIESDecision

Describe the Initiatives Which Influence

E6- Describe the world-classs which influence the provision of challenging environments for children (5 marks) There atomic number 18 different types of international, national and local initiatives which influence the provision of challenging environments for children. An example of an initiative is the forest Schools. A Forest School is an innovative educational approach to open-air(prenominal) play and learning http//www. forestschools. om/what-happens-at-a-forest-school/ Forest schools dissolve influence the provision of a challenging environment, as the teachers can take the children in small groups every week to the local woods to have a better understanding of the outdoor environment and its linked to the curriculum. By doing this it enables children to be able to be in a safe environment when exploring and having adventures so they can see what things they can do when they go into the woods next time.It can also help children with problems such as language problems as th is allows them to speak about the experience they are having which can then be taken to the classroom and then it could be turned into a story to help the child. When going into the woods it helps to cater the demeanour for the problem children and it also teaches children when they can and cant mess around.It also focuses on the fundamental aspect of the Forest School innovation educational approach. The Forest School provides ways for meeting learning objectives while developing practical life skills and encouraging child-initiated learning, which is observed and assessed. Lots of young children prefer to be impertinent than in the classroom environment because they can find it more exciting and they might pay more attention. Word Count- 240

Gender Roles in Harry Potter

Girls in young adult legerdemain novels tend to fargon rather patheticly, especially in the light of Susan from the Chronicles of Narnia. WhenAslanadmits theP howeversiesinto paradise, Susan is barred because she has forget Narnia and is more(prenominal) interested in stockings and the real adult world, because she has dared to want to grow up. Jill Pole comments a? Shes interested in nonhing nowa twenty-four hour periods pull nylons and lipstick and invitationsa? 1. C. S. Lewis presents a conservative view of girls in the fantasy genre, that they will be drawn into their cause adolescent fantasies and will abandon the lower-ranking world.Philip Pullman compounds this with his treatment of Lyra in the His raunchy Materials trilogy where she is the protagonist in the first novel but cedes decision making and power to Will by the remaining narrative. Hermione husbandman starts extinct challenging this conservative view but ultimately she is turned into a mother and sideline d from the world of military action. Her role spays through the novel and this is not callable merely to the maturation of the character as she ages but also the needs of the male dominated groups around her, from the coach group with kindle and Ron to the Order of the Phoenix.A fast(a) glance offers the view that between 11 and 15 she is more rebellious whilst between the ages of 16 and 17 she takes on a sisterly role before her final appearance as a mother. In the evoke tinker novelsHermioneis variously a bookish individual who supports and guides chivvy through her research and usage. She is the plethoric force in Harryas success until the sixth novel,Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince, where her role as Harryas educator is interpreted byDumbledore. ElizaDresangsees Hermione as being far more successful than she is made out to be byFarahMendlesohn.Hermione gains execution and is able to take more control of her note thanMendlesohngives her credit for through her own actions, finding a? evidence in the text to be analyzeably more optimistic somewhat Hermiones self-rule than does Mendlesohna? 2through her determination about being sorted by the Hat and a? refuses to be deterred from her purposes, whether it be learning, admonishing about rules or championing the at a lower placedoga? 3. Mendlesohn comments that a? Hermione is accepted in the social structure of the indoctrinate notwithstanding because she is Harrys frienda? and that a? radicalism, as embodied by Hermione, is irrational, ignorant, and essentially transienta? 5. though her attempts at freeing the house-elves are doomed, she is more successful at galvanising her peers and modify Harrys success through her contributions. There is another issue to consider though and that is one of genre. The first five Harry Potter books are clearly school stories. Motifs, such as the annual arrival via the steam match and the term times with the enforced stay over Christmas, come from t his genre.Instead of yet competing in sports for honour such as Quidditch, house points are awarded or taken away for behaviour or acts of bravery. In the final 2 novels, the structure of the novels change to being a more conventional fantasy series wherein Harry must defeatVoldemort in a final conflict. This switch to the fantastic, in particular a male dominated fantastic world, means that Hermione must change roles to remain in the world since we rarely see any lone witches who have not turned to Voldemort such as Bellatrix Lestrange. This change of genre changes the expectations put on the characters by readers and the roles which they play.School stories, in the mould of Enid BlytonsMaloryTowers orSt Clares,offerthe reader a tale of a group of children who go on adventures circumscri retreat in scale by location, an isolated school, and time, terms end and the year is punctuated by holidays. They offer a degree ofcarnivalesqueexpressed in the capers of the students which ar e tamed by the teachers but also a continuing discourse of maturation and acculturation to the wider adult world which must be entered. Parents exist at the keenness of the tosh, referred to in letters or bringing their children to school.Once the anarchic time at school comes to an end, the parents represent the roles that the children will adopt. The fantastic world that Rowling constructs is one which begins as potentially subversive with Hermione challenging comprehend wrongs and gaining a more powerful agency in the world through her knowledge. As she matures, the world is fully extended historic pig bedwarts and becomes deeply conservative and male dominated and Hermione has to re-ascertain her social stand on the edge of the group, her enabling agency now of no direct use to Harry.Hermione matures in the series changing from the shy, bookish outsider to being, in effect, a big sister character to Harry and Ron but at the cost of her own agency and talents. As she matur es into this role, she changes from being an inquisitive person, pushing her own bounds of knowledge and even her sanity, to being slightly calmer but clearly not of equal standing with Ron and Harry who are allowed to take active roles into world. When we first meet Hermione on the train going toHogwarts, Rowling presents her an unkempt, exploring child unafraid to make new friends or to go up and visit the train driver.She is described as having a? a bossy voice, lots of bushy brown hair and rather large preliminary teetha? (Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone, p 79) and already wearing the school colours. She interrupts Ron and Harry who are tucking into a carriage way feast of sweets. Curious, she challenges Ron to show him the magic humbug which he is attempting. As the train approaches the station, she encourages the two boys to don their robes and questions whether they have been fighting already. Her drive towards perfection is shown in her encyclopaedic knowledge of t he school drawn from construe the history.Already knowing the reason for the enchanted ceiling, she attains a position in the newly formed social triumvirate as the knowledge repository. Hermione comes back from the school holidays a day early whilst the friends are trying to find out who NicholasFlamelis and is a? torn between the horror at the idea of Harry being out of bed and disappointment that he hadnt at least found out who Nicholas Flamel wasa? (Philosophers Stone,p158). Her curiosity and good behaviour are at odds since she is assured that the reception may well lie in the forbidden section of the subroutine library but that entrytransgressesthe school rules.Although it is Harry who discovers Flamel by accident on the back of the collectors card he got on the train, it is Hermione who links him to the Philosophers Stone through a book she got a? out of the library weeks ago for a bit light reading a? (Philosophers Stone, p. 161). Rons only comment, a? Light? a? (Philos ophers Stone, p. 161), a confidential discipline that knowledge is not highly prized in Hogwarts as opposed toQuidditch. It was Hermione who noticed that Fluffy was standing on the trapdoor (Philosophers Stone, p120), a fact that both Ron and Harry missed. Yet her achievements come at a social price.Hermiones adherence to the school rules is shown inPhilosophers Stoneafter the finding of the trapdoor at night. When Harry receives a new broom after the destruction of his old one, her comments a? So I suppose you think thats a reward for breaking rules? a? (Philosophers Stonep. 123). Her forthrightness about the midnight incident is tempered by the argument with Ron and Harry. She is clearly upset by their reaction which is made worse by Rons careless comment about her not having any friends. Rushing past Harry, he notices that she is crying (Philosophers Stonep. 127).When the troll is announced, both boys recognize that it has gone to the girls toilets where Hermione is trapped. W hen Professor McGonagall enters, Hermione lies to protect them all and claims that she wanted to tackle the troll herself. Although this means that a? from that moment on, Hermione Granger became their frienda? (Philosophers Stone, p. 132), she can only do so by lying to a teacher and so overturns her previous rigid adherence to rules. She has to adopt the boys own world view. InHarry Potter and the sleeping room of Secrets, Hermione offers to make the Polyjuice Potion to see what Malfoy knows about the chambers opening.She tricksLockhartinto signing a slip for MostPotentePotions to fool the Librarian (Chamber of Secrets, p. 124). When Ron says that they will need to slip ones mind from Professor Snapes private stores, she retorts a? Well, if you two are going to chicken out, fineIdont want to break the rules you know. a? (Chamber of Secrets, p. 125). Hermione is aware that they have already obtained a permission slip that Lockhart has signed without realising what it is (using hi s own arrogance), that the recipe relies upon illicit goods and that the boys cannot discover Malfoys perceived role without trickery.Despite her protestations about the rules, she is aware that these will need to be broken to be successful. When they come to making the potion, the group need parts of their victims and Hermione is too hasty in pickings some hair from MillicentBulstrodein Wrestling and accidentally turns herself into a cat much to Myrtles delight, a? Wait till everyone finds out youve got ataila? (Chamber of Secrets, p. 169). Whilst Ron and Harry have used her Sleeping Potion to knock outCrabbeandGoyle, Malfoys henchmen, Hermiones own attempt has backfired and so she is inefficient to attention get information from Malfoy.Her overachievement turns her into a figure of fun. Although she is able to assimilate Harry and Rons worldview into her own perceptions, she is unable to fully join their world although she is the enabler for their plans through the potion and th e linking together of the clues inPhilosophers Stone. Her overachievement comes to a head in theHarry Potter and the Prisoner ofAzkabanwhen she is given the use of the Time-Turner. In Snapes Potions class, Neville is aided by Hermione to perfect the Shrinking result but when Ron and Harry turn to challenge her after the deduction of points, she disappears only to reappear a few minutes ater with her bag falling apart through weight of books. When she brushes off Rons challenge about the contents, he muses a? Do you get the feeling Hermiones not telling us something? a? (Prisoner of Azkaban, p. 99). Clearly Hermione is unable to tell the boys about ProfessorMcGonagallsgift of the Time Turner. In the Defence against the no-count Arts exam, Hermione comes into contact with theBoggartand after a? a minute inside it theBoggartstrunk, she burst out again, screaminga? (Prisoner of Azkaban, p. 234).The Boggart, which presents worst fears, has suggested to her that Professor McGonagall wil l fail her in an exam, so her fears of schoolman and also personal harm come to the fore. Ron is still inclined to laugh at Hermiones fear since he will not excel academically. Despite their close bond, Hermiones academic achievements have always separated her from the boys. It is only when the situation demands that time is altered that she is able to tell Harry. When they fail to saveBuckbeakthe first time,Dumbledoresuggests to Hermione that the situation can be deliver by going backwards and Hermione confesses to Harry, a?Ive been using it all year to get to all my lessonsa? (Prisoner of Azkaban, p. 289) but she still cannot work out why Dumbledore has suggested going back three hours. It is up to Harry to formulate the plan to save theHippogriffand Sirius. Once again, Hermiones mental achievements enable Harry but she is unable to complete the reasoning for the shift in time. Hermione proves herself via her academic prowess and enables Harry and Ron to complete various challe nges. She is the person to whom the boys go when they have difficulties with the homework. Lupin praises heras the a? inest witch of her agea? (Prisoner of Azkaban, p 253)in the Shrieking Shackas she becomes hysterical at his perceived betrayal of her loyalty, a? I didnt tell anyone Ive been covering up for youa? (Prisoner of Azkaban, p 253). Her need to prove herself academically is challenged and Rons reaction is to want to laugh. Despite her achievement and regular help for Harry and Ron, it is only the teachers who really prize her accomplishments. She is the character most probably to fail through overachievement. Her role is clearly defined in the school story as the swot.The school story genre allows her this room as a defined role but it she must adapt when the genre changes to a conservative high fantasy wherein gender roles are somewhat different. During theHarry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, she reverts to the quiet studious Hermione of the first novel when Harry get s themagickedversion of the potions book. As Harry falls under its spell and useful marginalia, she becomes increasingly exasperated at his lack of work or effort in the class commenting a? Well, it wasnt exactly your own work, was it? a? (Half-Blood Prince, p 182).She and Ginny are protective of Harry and test the spell book which he has picked up, though they do not see the inscription claiming it is the office of the Half-Blood prince. With the aid of Ginny Weasley, she also defends him during the setting up of the self-help Dark Arts group, theacronymedDA, inHarry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Gathering the curious students together in the Hogs Head, she comments a? well I thought it would be good if we, well, took matters into our own hands And by that I mean learning how to defend ourselves properly, not just in theory but doing the real spella? Half-Blood Prince, p 303). though she is instrumental in gathering the class, she immediately reverts to her supporting role and allows Harry to contend the events at the end ofHarry Potter and the Goblet of Firewhere he met the revived Voldemort. Her tenure as Prefect inHarry Potter and the Order of the Phoenixshows her stop theWeasleytwins from recruiting junior members of the school to test their antic wares,saying a? I told you this morning, you cant test your rubbish on students a? (Order of the Phoenix, p 229) whilst Ron, her fellow Prefect, looks on from the side.Although she is active in keeping the more extreme elements of the carnivalesque from taking over the school in the form of the Weasley brothers joke wares, it does mark the apogee of the progression from swot to Prefect in the school novel. Though these roles are usually played by various characters in the school story genre, Rowling has rolled them into one person who exemplifies the qualities of Hogwarts and, in particular,Gryffindor. Though Hermione is keen on the maintenance of the status quo, she becomes increasingly vocal against the abuse of power in two areas.She has mixed success but it allows her to retain her role in the social cohesion of the friendship group and to begin organising others in the school. Firstly she challenges a perceived abuse of the house elves by thewizardingclasses and sets up the Society for the Protection of Elvish Welfare, SPEW. This act comes afterDobbyis freed by Harry inHarry Potter and Chamber of Secrets. Hermione starts knitting hats to free the elves from their slave positions at Hogwarts inOrder of the Phoenixand when challenged about this by Ron, exclaims a? Of course they want to be free a? (Order of the Phoenix, p 230).Whilst it may mirrorRowlingsown time working for Amnesty International, she undermines Hermione by having Dobby pick up all the hats as the elves are offended by them. Though she gains the partial support of Dumbledore as he explains to Harry that he had encouragedSiriusto treatKreacherwith kindness(Order of the Phoenix, p 733),Ron and Harry dismiss her efforts. To an extent, she loves hopeless causes and sets out to free the elves disdain their reluctance to change their positions. Secondly, she attacks the misuses of authority by teachers, such as Severus Snape and DoloresUmbridge.InPrisoner ofAzkaban, Snape takes over Lupinas classes while he recovers from his change. Ignoring the class protests he begins to set them work which will provide clues to Lupinas condition and Hermione protests(Prisoner of Azkaban, p128) which encourages Ron to defend her and receive detention. She becomes increasingly agitated bySnapeasmanner and challenges him through questions. Though she has been able to answer the questions that he puts to the class since the first book, earning his contempt, she now uses these as a challenge to his authority through passive disruption.InOrder of the Phoenix, Dolores Umbridge attempts to run a school ground on the traditional school model of learning the theory of Defence against the Dark Arts rather than prac tical lessons. Hermione listens toUmbridgeaslong speech which sets out the rationale for the coming changes. During the first Defence against the Dark Arts lesson she immediately questionsUmbridgeaspassive stance through using Umbridges insistence on pupils raising their hands to ask questions (Order of the Phoenix, p 217-218). Asking the question, she repeats herself when the answer is not forthcoming.Hermione continues this with the creation of the Dark Arts orDumbledoreasArmy group. As Umbridge tries to get around down on any nascent dissent against the Ministry of Magicas policy, Hermione comes up with the plan of setting a group to rectify the lack of practical training. facing the belief that Harry killedCedric,fuelledby the Daily Prophet, she motivates the students to come together and to learn practical defence. As she does this she comments a? dyou know I think Im feeling a bit rebelliousa? (Order of the Phoenix, p 559).Rather than continuing her challenge to misplaced a uthority, once the school story ends, she moves towards the role of the sister. Whilst on the run from the Ministry of Magic inHarry Potter and the Deathly HallowsHarry confesses to Ron that Hermione is a? like a sister,a? he went on a? I love her like a sister and I reckon she feels the same about mea? (Deathly Hallows, p308). To some degree she follows the path ofLyrain Pullmans His Dark Materials trilogy where the she develops her challenges early on but end up giving up independence.Before she meets Will, Lyra is free to challenge the authority figures around her but after the meeting, when Will is cooking an omelette, he commands a? Find a couple of plates he said, and Lyra obediently did soa? (The pernicious Knifep 25). After the defeat of Voldemort, we see her and Ron on Platform 9 A? s waving their children off on the Hogwarts express. The action occurs around Harry and Ron with Hermione chiding them when they see Scorpius, Dracos son, with a?Dont try to turn them against e ach other before theyve even started schoola? (Deathly Hallows, p605). She is keen to maintain stability in the world for the children. As she develops into adolescence, she moves away from her rebellious side straight into motherhood, so avoiding Susans fate in the Chronicles of Narnia. Though she moves into adolescence, she is faithful to Ron, declaring her love for him in theDeathly Hallows. Despite Lupins proclamation of her talent, we finally see Hermione taking her children to platform 9 A?.She avoids Susans banishment from the magical world because she cares for her friends and, ultimately, children and is not selfish as Susan is implied to be by Aslan in the quotation at the beginning of this essay. Yet it seems a poor fate for all her achievements. The boarding school genre allows Hermione to excel academically and be an equal to Harry and Ron. She develops and is capable of taking on teaching duties and, it would appear, likely to followMinervaMcGonagallas the archetypal s pinster teacher. She is the archetypal swot who becomes Prefect as she gets to the end of her school years.Her insistence upon hardwork and her dislike of cheats, even if they are her friends, show Hermiones fealty to maintaining order, though not at any price. She also takes on what appear to be hopeless causes, the release of the elves and then challenges against misused authority, despite the ridicule of her peers. Hermione stands against contrast and tries to effect change. Dumbledore is the only person who backs her stance, and this is only very partially, as he explains to Harry. Dealing with her own social group, she is more effective in galvanising her peers into forming the Dark Arts group.Yet she is on the edge of the social group. On the train to Hogwarts, it is Harry who accepts her into the nascent group and then more firmly once the troll is overcome in the bathrooms. Once theOWLshave been taken, Hermione moves away from being the bright academic, her role in helpin g with Ron and Harry finishing their homework redundant, to being involved in maintaining the group with Ron and Harry through her caring for both boys. It is only Hermione who can cope with the real world of Oxford Street before they manage to get into more magical territory.The school narrative allows Hermione to blossom as an individual as the closed world of Hogwarts bars the real world and gives her space as a person. Once the real world begins to encroach, she begins to move away from her academic achievements and into the big sister role. At one level Rowling sees Hermione as a caricature of her school memories but at another, the Harry Potter series fails to address the idea that girls can do more than become mothers or spinster teachers. In Narnia thePevensiechildren are either kept in childlike paradise away from ever growing up or they are ejected from paradise for thinking of the adult world.In His Dark Materials, Lyra moves from challenging the misplaced authority of Mr sCoulterand LordAsrielto leaving Will to make all the decisions. Hermiones own contributions to the group come through enabling Harry to complete tasks with the requisite knowledge that she can find or discern. Once the fight against Voldemort moves into Harrys own history, only Dumbledore can help Harry. Whilst on the run inDeathly Hallows, it is Hermione who tries to keep the group together and to work out Dumbledores final clue in the book of queen regnant tales. She is a catalyst for those around her and remains sidelined.Whilst she shows that she can develop herself againstMendlesohnsanalysis through her own talent,Dresangsassertion that Hermione gains strength through empowering others is shown to only be partial she sacrifices her individual power and role to help recreate a safe world. Once she has enable Harry, Rowling moves her into a maternal role, her highest honour. It short changes the crone that Lupin described as the brightest of her age. Bibliography Jackson, Rose mary,Fantasy The Literature of Subversion(Routledge, London, 1981) Lewis, C. S. ,The Last Battle(Harper Collins, London, 2005)Moorcock, Michael,Wizardry and Wild Romance A Study of Epic Romance(Gollancz, London, 1987) Pullman, Philip,The Subtle Knife(Scholastic, London, 1997, 2001 reprint) Rotruck, Amie Rose, Where Have All the Tomboys Gone? Female Figures in British Childrens Fantasy Series inFoundation The International Review of acquirement FictionVolume 32, Number 88, Summer 2003 Rowling, J. K. , Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone (Bloomsbury, London, 1997) Rowling, J. K. ,Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets(Bloomsbury, London, 1998) Rowling, J. K. ,Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban(Bloomsbury, London, 1999) Rowling, J.K. ,Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire(Bloomsbury, London, 2000) J. K. Rowling,Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix(Bloomsbury, London, 2003) Rowling, J. K. ,Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince(Bloomsbury, London, 2005) Rowling, J. K. ,H arry Potter and the Deathly Hallow(Bloomsbury, London, 2007) Reynolds, Kimberley (ed),Modern Childrens Literature An Introduction(Palgrave, Basingstoke, 2005) Whited, Lana A (ed),Harry Potter and the Ivory Tower Perspectives on a Literary Phenomenon(University of Missouri Press, Columbia, 2004)

Breathe right

The CNS Breathe office strips elusion illustrated the steps involved when down the stairsgoing expansion towards the international commercialiseplace. In the case of CNS, line of credit expansion happens when the company has already assessed the suitability of the countrys business environment for both the company and the mathematical crossing to be marketed and sold.To happen upon this objective, CNS has developed a three-stage decision-making manakin, a diagnostic tool that aids the management in determine the action standard (i.e. , to expand or not expand) for the country under consideration for expansion. This case analysis of CNS and its product, Breathe Right strips, analyzes the effectiveness of the three-stage decision-making model that the company has developed for its expansion to the international business setting.The rationale behind the creation and increment of the three-stage model is the need to objectively analyze a countrys suitability to market and se ll CNSs product, Breathe Right strips.The product, an OTC medical checkup product, is a nasal strip suitable for athletes wearing mouth guards, snorers, and people easily afflicted with allergies, sinusitis, and cold. It enjoyed popularity in the US because of its practical use and effective results. As the product gained popularity, CNS saw the opportunity to expand, with plans of interchange the product beyond North America, and into Europe.The case of CNSs entrance to the Italian business environment and OTC medical product industry yielded useful insights for the company, e pickyly on its manner of assessing the suitability of the product for the countrys OTC market, and vice versa. In understanding the effectiveness of the three-stage decision-making model, it is important to identify introductory the strengths that CNS have before entering the international market. Primary among these strengths is the product itself.Breathe Right is a real practical and effective OTC medic al product, bringing relief to individuals who experience frequent bouts of nasal congestion. The development of an ingenious product such as Breathe Right already ensures CNS significant victor in entering foreign markets that will have immediate need for this product. Moreover, CNS holds a special niche in the OTC market. As a nasal congestion reliever, it enjoys lesser competition in its category, compared to other OTC brands/products.In effect, the three-stage decision-making model is mainly a championship to CNSs strong product and brand. Its purpose, however, is invaluable for the company if the product will be released and sold in the foreign market. It is through the model that the company was able to diagnose the strengths and weakness of the foreign market it will potentially enter, and the model as a diagnostic tool would help CNS determine areas for improvement and reinforcement that would make the market receptive to the product and increase the demand for it.The thr ee-stage models purpose for CNS is invaluable because of the support it provides to the company, as it explores the viability of the product in markets other than the US. Testing for both economic factors and demographic characteristics of the market under study will enable CNS to enter the foreign market successfully, with greater receptiveness among consumers and hopefully, increase awareness, recall, and intention to buy Breathe Right.Analysis of the products suitability to foreign markets would show that Breathe Right is suitable to the global market, encompassing cultural differences, since nasal congestion is an almost universal health experience. However, as Breathe Right enters the global market, it is important that CNS increase awareness of the product and brand among consumers through mass media campaigns, demonstrating its use and purposes for the consumer.

P1 -Unit 8: Business Communication Through Documentation

Unit 8 Business colloquy through Documentation Title Identify, using examples, the gets of pen channel conferences in four diametric handicraft contexts Written Business chats Introduction conjuring trick Lewis, as a business, was founded in 1864 when it was erect a shoponOxford Street, which expanded over the years to become the third largest retailer in the UK. John Lewis is a Public Limited Company, this style that anyone with the right capital groundwork buy (or sell) their shares inside the business, in differentiate to become a share-holder and receive dividends from profits.In addition, as a business, John Lewis sells unlike add-ons and has a variety of over 80,000 products ranging from clothes to furniture, in order to suit and cater to the take of any of their customers . Furtherto a greater extent, in this assignment I will be investigating the retailer John Lewis and its operations in order to determine examples of strong written business communications, w ith the use of documentation. Written Business Communications Effective communication deep down a business (John Lewis) is essential, in order to ensure their success and profitability.But Firstly, What is Communication? Communication corporation be defined as the exchange and flow of teaching and ideas from one person to another 2. This means that with appear communication, data or ideas cannot be utilized and no aspect of John Lewis can function properly. For example, if the economy segment cannot communicate with idiosyncratic stores therefore this means that John Lewis cant coordinate with the individual stores, in order to determine what new stock is needed at any particular time.This results in John Lewis being unable to restock their stores properly, meaning products not needed are delivered for example. As a result, John Lewis looses out on potential customers and repeat gross revenue, because consumers who wanted to purchase a specific product couldnt due to the stoc k unavailability, leading to a loss in potential sales, repeat sales and profits for the business in the short and long term. Secondly, communication within John Lewis happens in various different manners, such as written, verbal and electronic.However in this assignment we will only be discussing the written communication aspects of John Lewis. There are various written documentation which are communicated throughout arse Lewis. For example, letters, memos, text, faxes and emails are just some of the formal or informal communication methods apply by businesses in the modern age. A written business document is a way of getting a communicate across intern anyy and externally by employees or customers of John Lewis. There are various ship canal of written communication that are used by businesses.For example, depending of the situation an employee of john Lewis may need to spot their branch manager and the quickest, but maybe not the most formal way of doing so, would be by text ing them 3. Additionally, there are umpteen forms of written communication, such as agendas, e-mails, letters, memorandums, reports, notices and minutes. A written business document is used as a type of communication as it is seen as a more formal and professional way to communicate internally and externally within a business.Purposes of Written Communication Most businesses understand that communication is crucial for successful business operations. The ways we conduct our business activities is changing rapidly, as a result communication, especially written has become essential, in order to deliver messages and information to any aspect or individual within the business. As a result, if used successfully the purpose of written communication, in my opinion, is to deliver information, in order to coordinates and establish successful business activities.This leads to an increase sales, and an increase in the profit in the long term for John Lewis. The purpose leads to the crucial q uestion why do we use written communication? Written communication can be used in various ways, depending on the sender and manslayer of the information. For example, a manger will inform the owners or directors, by producing a written report telling them which products are selling better than others within a period of time. This form of written communication will be strictly professional and formal, communicate them close changes in the business and there actives.However if an employee wanted to inform another member of staff about other issues then they could just email or text them, meaning a simpler, reliable and effective written communication process. Furthermore, its not only the internal customers but also external consumers who can communicate in a written manner with john Lewis. For example, a customer would communicate in a written manner with john Lewis if they mystify a complaint with any aspect of the business such as a faulty product, leading to a customer having to email John Lewis regarding refilling of the product.In addition, a customer can also communicate with John Lewis because they have an inquiry to make regarding products or services provided by them. These are just some of the various reasons that customer make written enquires to John Lewis. Types of Written Communication Business Context Document Context(manager-employee or employee-costumer ) Purpose Formal Letter supplier to John Lewis, To make an appointment to see the manager about supply of raw materials needed to find the products in the production department of John Lewis. Formal Agendas Set out topics to be covered at a coming upon.An manger will send it to the employees he wants to come to the meeting Usually sent out before a meeting to all the people that are meant to attend and inform attendees Formal Reports Information, enquiry and analysis on a specific aspect of a business, Provides detail to help the businesses with decision making. So the purpose of this will be to inform an employee Formal Minutes of the meetings A record of what actually took bespeak at a meeting between manager and employees It also records who attended the meeting, what was discussed nd how long and when the meeting took place and to confirm meeting feedback Informal Memorandums They are mainly used for quick communication within a business, college to college They are short, simple information meant to get your message across within a business, to the receiver and its purpose is to inform a staff member of manager what is going to happen or needs to happen Formal Schedules Schedules are lists of planned activities or tasks that need to be completed and could be used between staff and managers It is almost like a plan for the business, which can come in many forms such as lists or timetables and it is used to instruct people what to do Informal Notices Important information on displays, or boards in order to inform employees or anyone associated with the business for example the marketing department and employees This is done in order to notify and display general information which should be accessible to all members of staff. The table above shows the various types of written communication methods, and their purposes. ConclusionIn conclusion I would state that this assignment has highlighted the grandeur of communication and especially the importance of written communication within John Lewis. Also I have discovered the various types of communication and why the different parties (such as customer, employees, suppliers) involved would use each method that suited their needs, as explained within the assignment. Bibliography 1. NW-Link http//www. nwlink. com/donclark/leader/leadcom. html Accessed on 24/09/2012 2. E-How http//www. ehow. co. uk/info_7785121_types-written-business-communication. html Accessed on 24/09/2012 3. E-How http//www. ehow. com/about_5563166_purpose-business-communication. html Accessed on 24/09/2012 4. John Lewis http//www. johnlewis. com/ Accessed on 24/09/2012

Hugo Cabret Movie vs. Book

In The Invention of Hugo Cabret vs. Hugo, the element of contribution relationships in the book and the word-painting ar developed very differently. One example of this would be the addition of completely new characters in the movie that were non in the book at all. The film director, Martin Scorsese, creates new characters, which add and build upon the relationships and add side stories to the speckle line. Instead of cutting some of the plot as adaptations usually do, the film actually added additional accounting lines (Lee).He adds the characters in the train station with the dachshunds that create a romantic vignette in the movie that was not in the book. The director also creates the girl at the flower shop that ends up in a romantic relationship with the Station tester. In addition, the relationship between the Station Inspector and Hugo differed as the Inspector is much more present in the movie than in the book. There are more scenes characterization the Station Insp ector chasing Hugo in the movie for dramatic effect. Scorsese also adds drama by including the Station Inspectors threatening dog in the chase scenes.Specific to the movie, the Inspector has a metal prosthetic leg, which provides a vulnerability that he seems to be overcompensating for with his intimidating exterior. The character differences between the book and the movie could be due to the desire of the director wanting to add his own insight and personal elements to the story rather than using Brian Selznicks literal interpretation. Since the media forms of literature and film have different interpretive elements they must be presented differently.For instance, in the movie Scorsese adds more dramatic effects by providing additional character relationships and plotlines. Also, since the movie is targeted towards all audiences, he includes the element of romance with his character relationships in order to appeal to the adult audience. Another character relationship to be note d would be the relationship between Hugo and the automaton. Even though it is an inanimate object, Hugo clearly forms a relationship with this machine as it is the only part of his father he has left.Hugo is very determined to repair the automaton as he believes his father may have left him a message through it, which gives him hope and the desire to catch it. Hugo takes great care of the automaton and in the film he carries it like a baby because he cares for it so much. Since his fathers death, Hugo has been left with no family therefore the automaton almost becomes his family as it meant so much to his father. Both appealing in their own forms of media, the book The Invention of Hugo Cabret and the movie Hugo have several(prenominal) contrasting elements, which provide unique depictions of the same story.

New Mexico’s Border Issues

Illegal immigration refers to the immigration of people across field moulding without visa or valid documents. The prohibited immigration give rotate to a larger set of social reappearances in areas, such as economy, social welfare, education and health, smuggling and crime. The international border between United States and Mexico runs for about 3,141 km which is frequently crossed over by countless illegal immigrants from Mexico. The reason for these illegal crossings is the difference in living standards and wages in US and Mexico. Even though there large group of border patrol personnels guarding the border, alien immigrants can calm down sneak in through various locations due to lack of funds and consistent patrol in the area..According to an estimate over a one thousand thousand people who cross over to US, 45 percent final stage up in becoming agricultural labors in various US states. The economic and social apostrophize of illegal immigration are enormous. It is est imated that about 10,000 illegal aliens cross into US every day with yearbook figure reaching to of 3 million. A third of these immigrants are caught and returned to their home country while one-half of them become US residents permanently. About 9 to 11 millions illegal immigrants reside in US at present.Due to the acceptance of low wages by illegal immigrants in New Mexico and other states, about1.8 million native workers suffer loosing not only their wages, but also jobs raising the cost of state welfare to US$ 15 billion annually. According to the National Academy of Sciences it costs $89000 to pay for an alien immigrants during his life stay in US.However its not only the loss of job or revenue, but 80 percent of cocaine and 50 percent of heroin in US is smuggled through impudent Mexico borders by these illegal immigrants. The illegal immigrants cost billions of dollars every year to the American taxpayers especially the free give-and-take offered to illegal aliens. Due to which many hospitals New Mexico, Arizona and California has been closed down. The total economic cost of illegal immigrants is estimated to in between 67$ to $87 billion.Since 1986 US has embarked efforts to restrict illegal immigration with the reach of Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) which expanded the funding for the US border patrol. Between 1986 and 1996, coition and chairman took a series of restrictive actions to regain the control of US and Mexico border. However despite these pass judgment and IRCA act, both legal and illegal immigration continued to rise. The federal government in 1993 initiated another intend to install much officers at the border. These plans have fundamental weakness due to less defended border at many areas. For example when mobilization of forces was activated in El Paso and San Diego, the flow of migrants turned to Arizona and Texas creating pertly problems in these states.The push by US authorities pushed the immigrants to cross ove r from more remote deserts and mountains and rivers where its much more hard for border patrol to capture them. Another loss has been the higher consecrate of injury and death that also accelerated the cost of spending on already poor counties in New Mexico and border states.Even though the Border Patrol budget has been increased 10 multiplication between 1986 and 2002, but the arrival of immigrants has also risen. In 2005, New Mexico declared emergency due to the rise in drug smuggling, kidnapping and murder in the state. The State governor criticized the federal government and sexual congress by mentioning total lack of support from the Border Patrol. In recent days the illegal immigrant issue has become a national debate with politicians on both sides favoring and disfavoring the issue due to their own vested interests.thither have been suggestions to construct fence, wall, and deployment of more Border Patrol agents to address the cross border issue. In creation the problem is much bigger than it seems. Constructing a few miles wall or fence will not bring any change, unless realistic approach is taken to tackle the issue. Even after the constructions of fence in San Diego the flow of immigrants increased as fence provides an excuse for Border Patrol to be less sleeplessAnalyst believe that US polices have failed to produce any result. A new approach is necessary to address the issue. The solution to the problem lies in the undocumented migration, which if made legal can prove more productive. Under the current immigration law, all countries have resembling quota of 20,000 thousand legal immigrants per year which is same for the Mexico, the closest US neighbor. A more realistic policy would be to provide temporary visas, (which President Bush has recently announced), however greater emphasis should be paid to the Mexicans as Mexico is the major affair of the problem.ReferenceCNN, (August 13, 2005). Border emergency declared in New Mexico. Retrieved February 8, 2007, Web land site http//www.cnn.com/2005/US/08/12/newmexico/2. Economic Cost of Illegal migration. Retrieved February 8, 2007, Web site http//www.cairco.org/econ/econ.html3. Douglas S. Massey, Beyond the Border Buildup. Retrieved February 8, 2007, Web site www.ailf.org4. fencing material in Failure. Retrieved February 8, 2007, Web site http//www.ailf.org/ipc5. America Org, Illegal immigration a real issue. Retrieved February 8, 2007, Web site http//www.americas.org/

Avenida Ninos Heroes

Avenida Ninos Heroes and Halls of Montezuma both catch up with tribute to the US Mexico War. Provide a context for each and what they commemorate. During the battle aimed to capture the fortress in Chapultepec Castle, six brave cadets effused to surrender upon the retreat regulate of General Bravo against the US Forces. These were Juan de la Barrera (lieutenant), Agustin Melgar, Juan Escutia, Vicente Suarez, Francisco Marquez and Fernando Montes de Oca.After the spillage his five comrades, Cadet Juan Ecuita wrapped himself with the Mexican flag and jumped off the castle. The US commander in head paid an honorable salute to the bravery and patriotism portrayed by the soldier. Now, a mural was change on the ceiling of the castle showing the patriotism of the six soldiers particularly Ecuita and the Mexican flag, there is in addition a monument in Chapultepec Park honoring their valor. These cadets are to a greater extent popularly known in the Mexican history as the as the Los N inos Heroes or Heroic Cadets.In September 1847, under the command of army General Winfield Scott, Army Brig. Gen. John Quitman led a pack of 120 handpicked Marines in a historic battle to subdue the Hill of Chapultepec. The Hill of Chapultepec, more popularly referred to as the Halls of Montezuma stood 200 feet high environ by a 12-foot hem in. The fortress was defended by a total of 400 men, 300 of which were from the Batallon de San Blas under surrogate Colonel Felipe Xicotencatl, and roughly 100 more garrison soldiers and the cadets.It took one hour and a half, to suppress the resistance and the American flag fund it way waving up the hill as a sign of victory. 90 percent of the Marines died in this conquest. And to pay tribute to this distinct heroism, the opening lyrics of the official US Marines Hymn, . the Halls of Montezuma was referred her as the Chapultepec Castle. Moreover, the corps included a blood stripe in their blue dress uniform. 2. What is chattel thraldom a nd how was it institutionalized in the British North American colonies?Chattel slavery is the most common type of slavery in the American history. It is characterized by the masters provision of property and silver towards the slave in exchange for service like all sorts of labor and oftentimes sexual servitude. Basically, this kindly status is inherited to the next cohort, that is, the later generations are expected to do the same, either sold to other master or to serve under the same owner. The history of slavery in America started in 1619 upon the arrival of the Dutch ship, the White Lion in Vir snareia.It transported African slaves to several British colonies in America. asunder from that it also brought with it indentured servants. Indentured servitude is a form of debt bondage, in this case, in exchange fro the transport of these great deal across the Atlantic to America, food, clothing, food and other basic necessities they are to serve a certain(p) employer after(pre nominal) a period of time usually after 4 to 7 eld. The first law enacted towards slavery and established the legality of English slavery in the Caribbean was the Barbadian Slave Code of 1661.Almost 20 years later, siemens Carolina instituted that a slave is a property, meaning a slave being owned by an individual or group of individual therefore cannot sold from the estate. In 1696t the Barbadian Code was change in South Carolina, hence defining the basic guideline for slavery in North America. During this adaptation, the African became chattel slaves from being indentured slaves, giving the enslaver complete ownership of a person.Moreover, in Virginia, government make its own laws against the growing indentured slaves, since some slaves became wealthy farm owners after they are released from servitude. The Virginian Laws, provided that Africans are to be slaves for life and the same status are to be applied to their future progeny. 3. The embryonic federal state of North Ameri ca was quickly forced to grapple with issues related to citizenship and immigration. Analyze the 1790 naturalization profess. Naturalization is the map wherein people become a citizen of a country they were not born in.On March 26, 1790, the Naturalization Act took affect and it provided several guiding rules on granting natural citizenship for immigrants. Several important highlight of this act was that, citizenship was not to be granted to people who were indentured slaves and to the Indians, in addition to that Blacks are not supposed to be granted citizenship in America. This translates to the notion that every Black who enters American territory was expected to become slaves. This Naturalization Act offered vague definition and translation of the Law.As stated in this Act, every immigrant is required a certain period of time of residence in America before being called a citizen in order to appreciate and evaluate the concept of American Democracy. But this Act itself, prevent ed anyone who they termed colored from becoming a citizen adding up to their concept of racial discrimination. This Act therefore became a living example of the racial difference and the wall Law created between the whites and the blacks of African decent. 4.Describe the impact of the invention of the cotton wool gin on the expansion of American slavery. The cotton gin was devised by Eli Whitney a graduate from Yale University. In his pursuit to pay his debt, he went to gallium and acquired a job as a private tutor. in that respect, he realized that the southern farmers and farm owners were agitated to find ways to increase their yield and profit in cotton production. The issue on cotton production involved the difficulty to identify the fluffy cotton balls and the seeds which sticks to it much.Catherine Greene, Whitneys employer persuaded him to find a resolution to this problem. Greene provided all possible support needed especially in the financial aspect. The development o f the cotton gin doubled the yield for raw cotton every decade after 1800. It also opened the doors for more machinery demands, such as the machines to weave or to spin the cotton, and also for the invention of the steamboat to transport it at an ease. There was a production bloom and massive exportation of cotton occurred between America to England and to New England.Immense cotton production truly brought solution to farmers problems and greatly uplifted American economy though trade at that era. But like any other inventions meant to discover resolutions to problems, this also carried changes that worsen the American society. And the most historic is the propagation of slavery. Although the cotton gin, decrease the time and amount of labor needed to separate the cotton and the seed, it extremely increased the need of manpower in the form of slaves t grow and collect the cotton, especially with the expansion of the area of farmlands.In 1808, approximately 80,000 Africans were imp orted as slaves and the slave population in the South reached up to an estimated 1/3 of the populace. The invention of the cotton gin therefore required more slaves to trifle under a more tireless and strict regimen, wherein abuse and mistreatment were hence more common as compared before the rise of production pressures brought about by the cotton gin.